Computer system Flashcards
brain of computer
it directs and controls the entire computer system and performs all arithmetic and logical operations
Central processing Unit
where the programs and data are stored
Memory Unit
contains the pre programmed computer instructions such as Basic Input Output System (BIOS)
ROM- Read Only Memory
BIOS
Basic Input Output System
used to store the programs and data that you will run. exists only when there is power
RAM- Random Access Memory
allows data and programs to be sent to the cpu
Input Devices
1.keyboard
2.mouse
3.joystick
4.microphone
5.webcam
6.scanner
7.monitor
type of keyboard
traditional
flexible
ergonomic
wireless
PDA personal digital assistant
two types of mouse
1.mechanical- has rubber or metal ball
2.optical- uses laser for detecting the mouse’s movement
how a mouse hooks up to a PC
- PS/2 Mouse
2.Serial Mouse
3.USB/Cordless mouse
other pointing devices
1.trackball
2.track point
3.touch pad
4. touch screen
5. joystick- id for computer games
6.light pens- light sensitive penlike device
7.stylus- penlike device used with tablet,PCs and PDAs
scanning devices
1.optical scanners
2.card readers
3. bar code readers
4.character and mark recognition devices
image capturing devices
1.digital cameras
2.digital video cameras
media used by computer in displaying its responses to our request and instructions
output devices
monitor
audio speakers
printer
types of monitor
- Cathode ray tube (crt)
2.Liquid Crystal Display (lcd)
typers of printers
dot matrix printer
inkjet printer
laser printer
uses pressure by physically striking the paper. Ex. Daisy wheel printers, line printers, dot matrix printers & band printers.
impact printers
does not apply pressure on the paper but instead produces character by using lasers, ink spray, photography or heat.
non impact printer
Attached to the computer system to allow you to store programs and data permanently for the purpose of retrieving them for future use.
second storage devices
floppy disk
hard disk
CD Rom
most common secondary storage
3.5 disk-144MB
Floppy Disk
• Floppy disk cartridges
• 3 ½ inches in diameter
• Stores more information
• Zip disks
high capacity floppy disks
made of rigid materials unlike floppy disks
holds greater amount of data
hard disk drive or hard disk
optical disk kind
blue ray disk
digital versatile disk
compact disk
a standard part of modern desktop machine, especially used for multimedia purposes and preferred in loading applications
Optical Disks
reads CDS
CD-ROM
reads/write CDS
CD-Writer
reads/write CDS,read DVD
DVD-Combo
reads/write CDS
reads/write DVDs
DVD Writer
Optical Drives
CD-ROM
CD-Writer
DVD-Combo
DVD Writer
other secondary storage
solid state storage
usb flash drives
parts that build up a system unit
•Casing or cover
• Power Supply
• Motherboard
• Microprocessor
• Memory
• Video Card
•Sound card
• Floppy disk drive
• Hard disk drive
• CD-ROM drive
• MODEM
The box or outer shell that houses most of the computer, it is usually one of the most overlooked parts of the PC.
• Protects the computer circuits, cooling and system organization.
case or cover
Responsible for powering every device in your computer.
power supply
Parts of a Power supply:
- Disk drive connectors
- Motherboard connector
- Power supply fan
- Power switch
- Input voltage selector
- Cover
- Power plugs receptacle
• The physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computer’s basic circuitry and components.
mother board
mother board components
- Microprocessor
- (Optional) Coprocessors
- Memory
- Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
- Expansion Slot
- Interconnecting circuitry
expansion slots
• Graphic cards
• Sound cards
• Modem cards
• Network interface cards/network adapter
Instructions that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want.
software
2 kinds of software
system software
application software
enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware.
system software
programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer; and run applications.
operating system
are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.
device drivers
provides the real functionality of a computer. It help you use your computer to do specific types of work.
application software
functions of system software
• Managing resources (memory, processing, storage, and devices like printer).
• Providing user interface
• Running applications
was the first widely installed operating system for personal computers.
• Command-driven
Disk operating system
• A COMMAND is the name of a special program that makes your computer carry out a task.
MS-DOS Commands
users can interact directly with the operating system.
• Microsoft Windows
• Icons, Menus, Dialog boxes
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
simply a collection of information that you store on a disk or diskette.
• Must have a unique name
FILES
Two parts: the filename and extension separated by a period.
RECIPE.DOC
to make your filenames more descriptive.
- DOC - word documents
- XLS - excel documents
- PPT - powerpoint documents
Extensions
• One way of organizing the files on your computer Hard Disk
• ROOT - one basic directory
• Subdirectories
DIRECTORIES
collection of independent and unorganized facts.
DATA
is the processed and organized data presented in a meaningful form.
Information
is the course of doing things in a sequence of steps.
Data processing
is an electronic machine that follows a set of instructions in order that it may be able to accept and gather data and transform these into information.
computer
functions of an information processing system
- It accepts and gather data. (INPUT)
- It processes data to become information.
(PROCESSING) - It stores data and information. (STORE)
- It presents information. (OUTPUT)
is the tangible part of a computer system.
hardware
non-tangible part that tells the computer how to do its job.
software
refer to people who use and operate the computer system, write computer programs, and analyze and design the information system.
peopleware
is a unit of information equivalent to the result of a choice between only 2 possible alternatives in the binary number system.
BIT (binary unit)
a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single unit for information.
byte
basic hardware of pc system
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Memory Unit
• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Secondary Storage Devices
