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dt > computer aided design > Flashcards

computer aided design Flashcards

1
Q

what could CAD modelling include

A
  • creating and modifying designs in 3D
  • Graphic/interior design
  • Data processing
  • Finite element analysis
  • Simulations
  • Creating and modifying designs
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2
Q

what other type of modifications can take place

A

> design features - changing form of parts, adding features to an design, rearranging

> material modifications

> changing size of parts

> changing aesthetics through rendering different materials

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3
Q

Graphic/interior design

A
  • creating of logos
  • Creation of murals/ artistic drawings
  • Architectural design
  • Design layout of fixtures/ furnishings within a given room/ space
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4
Q

Data processing

A
  • technical data/dimensions of a product usually shown in 2D (through DWG for fusion 360)
  • Parametric modelling
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5
Q

Finite element analysis

A
  • the calculations and simulation of unknown factors in products using CAD systems. For example, simulating the stresses within a prosthetic limb
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6
Q

Motion simulations

A

simulation parts of a design or mechanisms to move to check functionality or desired outcome

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7
Q

Advantages of CAD modelling

A
  • changes to ideas can be made quickly and easily without deleting ideas
  • Easy to repeat features, create patterns, quick rendering of material/colour
  • Ideas look more realistic
  • Communicate with client, manufacture more easily electronically
  • Avoid costly mistakes as CAD models can provide aesthetic overview, form and shape study, motion simulation, FEA analysis for studying loads
  • High level of accuracy/fidelity in dimensioning and intricacy of features
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8
Q

Disadvantages of CAD modelling

A
  • software may be expensive
  • There may be a steep learning curve
  • Quick and fast conceptual sketches where dimensioning is not critical may take more time with CAD
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9
Q

Surface vs solid modelling

A
  • surface modelling: models the surface of the product without showing internal details
  • Solid modelling: clear representation of the final products, all internal parts are included
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10
Q

Bottom up vs top down modelling

A

top down:
> design originates as a whole concept, and gradually evolves into a whole product consisting of components and sub assemblies

> design of parts have to fit into overall product criteria and there maybe greater communication among designers of sub-components

bottom up
> focus is on individual part modelling, design criteria are more focused for the individual part

> criteria may not be shared between models

> after individual parts are designed, they are then assembled together to make the whole product

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11
Q

Data modelling (including statistical modelling)

A
  • it is modelling that determines the structure of data
  • Can be diagram accompanied by data
  • Can be statistical chart
  • Can be a pure database model consisting of just numbers and categories/labels
  • Database models can be flat file, relational or hierarchical
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12
Q

Database model types

A

flat file, relational database, hierarchical database

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13
Q

flat file

A

> single table of data

> no interrelationship between data sets

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14
Q

relational database

A

> two or more tables of data that are linked

> it can pull data from different tables and reassembles it

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15
Q

hierarchical database

A

a clear hierarchy exists between different sets of data, can be arranged in tree like structure

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16
Q

Virtual prototyping

A
  • software driven modelling process that stimulates products and environments by mimicking real world behaviours
  • Widely used in developing and testing of products
  • Designers and engineers can simulate visually and also mathematically the design, assembly, and in-service use of complex products in range of environments and scenarios
  • Process is faster, cost is reduced, more environment friendly due to minimisation of materials, design process shortened

Nasa used virtual prototyping to stimulate assemble process of the stardust spacecraft

17
Q

Digital humans

A
  • computer simulations of the biomechanics of the human body
  • Help to predict how a human (real) will react in a variety of situations or environments (places or locations)
  • Can be used to represent joint resistance, discomfort, reach envelops and visual field and study ergonomics
  • Can be used in training and performance
  • Can be used in e-commerce, for example to model clothing products
18
Q

DH - motion capture

A
  • employed to assist with the understanding of human factors, physical limitations of users, product evaluation as well as training and performance
  • Used to record, track and analyse movement
  • Special markers applied to strategic points of a moving body to identify key pieces of geometry
  • Resultant changes in position are recorded and digitised for playback and analysis
  • Focus on movement not visual appearance of the human
  • Can also be able to derive physiological indices such as heart rate, breathing rate
19
Q

Advantages of digital humans using motion capture in product design

A
  • test and evaluate product based on ergonomic factors
  • Takes into account range of sizes and shapers of users
  • Consider user safety factors in a range of environments
  • Review human factors in design before building prototypes
  • Save time and expensive resources
20
Q

Haptic technology

A
  • emerging technology that interfaces the user via sense of touch
  • Generally mechanical actuators apply forces to the user which gives them feedback. Simplest example would be a phone vibration
  • Allows user to become part of a computer simulation and to interact with it, enabling the designer to observe the user’s performance and to design a better outcome
  • Can be used for training or simulation of scenarios which are remote or dangerous or touch virtual objects which could be delicate
  • Commonly used in gaming like wifi where user feels a touch sensation when in the game
21
Q

Virtual reality and animation

A
  • the ability to simulate a real situation on the screen and interact with it in a near natural way
  • animations help engineers understand complex mechanisms and alter design and components as required to alter outcome
  • Helps to advance real time training
  • Reduce product development cycles
  • Save resources by removing reliance on physical modelling

dt (13 decks)

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