Compulsive Eating Flashcards
non-compulsive eating/non-impulsive eating
-most often feeling control over eating habits
-eating when you are hungry and stopping when you are satisfied
-this involves being able to distinguish:
•physical hunger for emotional hunger
•satiety for over-fullness
•intrinsic/personal factors from extrinsic/social factors
compulsive eating
- negative reinforcement
- repetitive behaviors that are performed according to certain rules or in stereotypical fashion
- attempt to alleviate anxiety or discomfort
impulsive eating
- positive reinforcement
- rapid, unplanned reactions to internal or external stimuli without regard to the negative consequences of these actions
compulsive eating and impulsive eating
- excessive grazing
- bingeing
excessive grazing
- eating the three main meals of the day and grazing on the side
- used as self-medication
- really repetitive
- don’t realize how much you are eating
binge eating
eating, in a discrete period of time (2-hours) an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances
-a sense of loss of control over eating during the episode
characteristics of a binge
- usually in secrecy
- rapid consumption
- continues until painfully full
- can be triggered by emotion
- feels out of control
- temporary increase in mood/numbing out
- followed by depressed mood
- usually high calorie foods
Bulimia nervousa
-recurrent episodes of binge eating
-recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain
•self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise
- these behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months
- self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
Binge eating disorder
- recurrent episode of binge eating
- marked distress regarding binge eating
- the binge eating occurs at least once a week for 3 months
- no associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors or purges
complications of compulsive/impulsive overeating
- diabetes
- high cholesterol
- high blood pressure
- gall bladder disease
- obesity
- psychological distress
psychological distress
- depression
- anxiety
- guilt, shame and disgust
- social withdrawal
- low rates of employment
- low rates of marriage
- high rates of work disability
relationship between compulsive/impulsive eating and body weight
- weight fluctuations
- obesity
- an estimated 30% of individuals in behavioral weight control programs have BED
cause of compulsive eating
-biology
•evolution selection to eat when food is available
•body’s response to processed foods and fat
•sugar “addiction
-socio-cultural issues
•body image
•food bombardment
•diet craze
-interpersonal issues
•emotional eating
body’s response to processed foods and fat
- reward circuitry
- passive overconsumption
- similarities between sugar and drugs
Both compulsive and impulsive eating
- self-regulation failure
- loss of control (can even be trance-like)
- impulsive–>compulsive
BED vs. Bulimia Nervous
- prevalence
- compensatory behaviors
- overeating between binges
- body weight
- dieting
Biology and culture working against us
-Individuals with a thrifty phenotype will have “a smaller body size, a lowered metabolic rate and a reduced level of behavioral activity… adaptations to an environment that is chronically short of food” (Bateson & Martin, 1999[4]). –Those with a thrifty phenotype who actually affluent environment may be more prone to metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type II diabetes,
Compulsive Eating as an Addiction
- Tolerance- more food/binges needed for “satiety”
- Withdrawal- depressed mood, guilt, shame
- Excessive intake- binges are defined as excessive
- Loss of control- in the definition of a binge
- Narrowing of behavioral repertoire- social withdrawal; lie about and hide eating activities; steal, hoard food
- Use continues despite problems- extreme dieting attempts, obesity, disease, psychological distress
Underregulation- Standard deficits
-Conflicting standards
•Junk food vs. cultural issues of body image
•Joy of eating vs. guilt of eating
-False consensus effect
Underregulation- Monitoring failure
- Deindividuation - insensitivity to internal cues
- Renegade attention - increased sensitivity to external cues
- Transcendence failure – not thinking of long-term consequences
Underregulation- Strength failure
- Self-stopping
- Fatigue, distress, inertia all associated with binge eating
Misregulation- Inadequate or wrong knowledge
- Incorrect cues for hunger/satiety
- Childhood patterns, family influence
- Media
- Food industry influence
Misregulation-Trying to control the uncontrollable
- Genetic influence over body types
- Are “those bodies” possible??
- Are diets effective??
Spiraling distress- BN
Binge cycle and Compensation cycle-
preoccupation/anticipation–> binge/intoxication–> withdrawal/negative effect
-crossover after withdrawal/negative effect and before preoccupation/anticipation always happens
Spiraling distress- BED
Binge cycle and Dieting attempts-
preoccupation/anticipation–> binge/intoxication–> withdrawal/negative effect
-crossover after withdrawal/negative effect and before preoccupation/anticipation but not everyone does it
