Compulsive Eating

Question 1

non-compulsive eating/non-impulsive eating

Answer 1

-most often feeling control over eating habits
-eating when you are hungry and stopping when you are satisfied
-this involves being able to distinguish:
•physical hunger for emotional hunger
•satiety for over-fullness
•intrinsic/personal factors from extrinsic/social factors

Question 2

compulsive eating

Answer 2

• negative reinforcement
• repetitive behaviors that are performed according to certain rules or in stereotypical fashion
• attempt to alleviate anxiety or discomfort

Question 3

impulsive eating

Answer 3

• positive reinforcement
• rapid, unplanned reactions to internal or external stimuli without regard to the negative consequences of these actions

Question 4

compulsive eating and impulsive eating

Answer 4

• excessive grazing

- bingeing

Question 5

excessive grazing

Answer 5

• eating the three main meals of the day and grazing on the side
• used as self-medication
• really repetitive
• don’t realize how much you are eating

Question 6

binge eating

Answer 6

eating, in a discrete period of time (2-hours) an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances
-a sense of loss of control over eating during the episode

Question 7

characteristics of a binge

Answer 7

• usually in secrecy
• rapid consumption
• continues until painfully full
• can be triggered by emotion
• feels out of control
• temporary increase in mood/numbing out
• followed by depressed mood
• usually high calorie foods

Question 8

Bulimia nervousa

Answer 8

-recurrent episodes of binge eating

-recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain
•self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise

• these behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months
• self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight

Question 9

Binge eating disorder

Answer 9

• recurrent episode of binge eating
• marked distress regarding binge eating
• the binge eating occurs at least once a week for 3 months
• no associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors or purges

Question 10

complications of compulsive/impulsive overeating

Answer 10

• diabetes
• high cholesterol
• high blood pressure
• gall bladder disease
• obesity
• psychological distress

Question 11

psychological distress

Answer 11

• depression
• anxiety
• guilt, shame and disgust
• social withdrawal
• low rates of employment
• low rates of marriage
• high rates of work disability

Question 12

relationship between compulsive/impulsive eating and body weight

Answer 12

• weight fluctuations
• obesity
• an estimated 30% of individuals in behavioral weight control programs have BED

Question 13

cause of compulsive eating

Answer 13

-biology
•evolution selection to eat when food is available
•body’s response to processed foods and fat
•sugar “addiction

-socio-cultural issues
•body image
•food bombardment
•diet craze

-interpersonal issues
•emotional eating

Question 14

body’s response to processed foods and fat

Answer 14

• reward circuitry
• passive overconsumption
• similarities between sugar and drugs

Question 15

Both compulsive and impulsive eating

Answer 15

• self-regulation failure
• loss of control (can even be trance-like)
• impulsive–>compulsive

Question 16

BED vs. Bulimia Nervous

Answer 16

• prevalence
• compensatory behaviors
• overeating between binges
• body weight
• dieting

Question 17

Biology and culture working against us

Answer 17

-Individuals with a thrifty phenotype will have “a smaller body size, a lowered metabolic rate and a reduced level of behavioral activity… adaptations to an environment that is chronically short of food” (Bateson & Martin, 1999[4]). –Those with a thrifty phenotype who actually affluent environment may be more prone to metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type II diabetes,

Question 18

Compulsive Eating as an Addiction

Answer 18

• Tolerance- more food/binges needed for “satiety”
• Withdrawal- depressed mood, guilt, shame
• Excessive intake- binges are defined as excessive
• Loss of control- in the definition of a binge
• Narrowing of behavioral repertoire- social withdrawal; lie about and hide eating activities; steal, hoard food
• Use continues despite problems- extreme dieting attempts, obesity, disease, psychological distress

Question 19

Underregulation- Standard deficits

Answer 19

-Conflicting standards
•Junk food vs. cultural issues of body image
•Joy of eating vs. guilt of eating
-False consensus effect

Question 20

Underregulation- Monitoring failure

Answer 20

• Deindividuation - insensitivity to internal cues
• Renegade attention - increased sensitivity to external cues
• Transcendence failure – not thinking of long-term consequences

Question 21

Underregulation- Strength failure

Answer 21

• Self-stopping

- Fatigue, distress, inertia all associated with binge eating

Question 22

Misregulation- Inadequate or wrong knowledge

Answer 22

• Incorrect cues for hunger/satiety
• Childhood patterns, family influence
• Media
• Food industry influence

Question 23

Misregulation-Trying to control the uncontrollable

Answer 23

• Genetic influence over body types
• Are “those bodies” possible??
• Are diets effective??

Question 24

Spiraling distress- BN

Answer 24

Binge cycle and Compensation cycle-
preoccupation/anticipation–> binge/intoxication–> withdrawal/negative effect

-crossover after withdrawal/negative effect and before preoccupation/anticipation always happens

Question 25

Spiraling distress- BED

Answer 25

Binge cycle and Dieting attempts-
preoccupation/anticipation–> binge/intoxication–> withdrawal/negative effect

-crossover after withdrawal/negative effect and before preoccupation/anticipation but not everyone does it