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Impulse Control > Alcoholism > Flashcards

Alcoholism Flashcards

1
Q

Current use of Alcohol

A

at least one drink in the past 30 days

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2
Q

Binge use of Alcohol

A
  • five or more drinks on the same occasion at least once in the past 30 days
  • pattern of drinking the brings BAC to 0.08% or above
  • males- 5 or more drinks in 2 hours
  • females- 4 or more drinks in 2 hours
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3
Q

Heavy use of Alcohol

A

5 or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 5 different days in the past 30 days

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4
Q

Drink definition

A
  • 12-ounce can or bottle of beer or wine cooler
  • 5-ounce glass of wine
  • 1.5-ounces of 80 proof distilled spirits
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5
Q

Source of Comsumables Alcohol

A
  • Ethanol is produced from fermentation of glucose and water in the presence of yeast
  • high % needs more distillation through boiling and collection of stream
  • Proof refers of % multiplied by 2
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6
Q

BAC

A

-% of alcohol in blood
-Grams of alcohol per 100 ml of blood- to convert to mg % just multiply by 1000
-Legal limit in most states is 0.08 %
-Determined by:
-Amount of alcohol consumed
-Body weight
-Body fat
-Gender (women are more sensitive to alcohol) -Based on differences in levels of enzymes that break down alcohol
-Alcohol is water soluble-More fat means less water and higher BALs
-Spacing of alcohol doses - Clearance of ~ .25 - .3 ounces pure alcohol per hour
~1/2 drink per hour; 6 hrs to be rid of 3 beers
OR 0.01g %/hour

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7
Q

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

A
  • Breaks down alcohol–> acetaldehyde–>CO2+H2O

- Females have less

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8
Q

Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase

A
  • forms from disulfiram (Antabuse)

- Females have larger amount of body fat/kg

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9
Q

Behavioral Effects

A

Normal–> relief from anxiety–> disinhibition–> sedation–> hypnosis–> general anesthesia–> coma–> death

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10
Q

Tolerance

A
  • Individuals drink large amounts of alcohol (12-20 drinks per day)
  • Blood alcohol levels far beyond the legal limit
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11
Q

Withdrawl

A
  • Tremor, sympathetic activation, hyperthermia
  • Anxiety, dysphoria
  • Delirium tremens: hallucinations, high fever
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12
Q

Substance taken in larger amounts than intended

A

-loss of control over intake

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13
Q

Persistent desire or unsuccessful attempt to cut down

A

repeated relapses to excessive drinking

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14
Q

Neglect of activities

A

-impairment in social, occupational, and recreational functioning

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15
Q

Time Spent

A

fillinf work and home with sources of alcohol so to never be without

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16
Q

Continued despite problems

A
  • loss of job
  • loss of spouse
  • medical illness
17
Q

Behavioral Toxicity

A
  • Driving under the influence (DUI)
  • Impairment in social functioning
  • Impairment in occupational functioning
18
Q

Physical Toxicity

A
  • Cirrhosis of the liver
  • Pancreatitis
  • Cancers of the tongue, mouth, esophagus, stomach and liver
  • Wernicke’s / Korsakoff’s syndrome
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum
19
Q

Positive and Negavtive Reinforcement

A

Positive- application of positive stimulus
Negavtive- the removal of negative stimulus
- in both cases the probability of the behavior occurring again increases

20
Q

Expectancy

A
  • expectancy of the positive effects of alcohol
  • Unrealistic beliefs that alcohol only has positive effects
  • Expectancy of alcohol consumption can lead to: Behavioral Disinhibition
  • Sexual behavior
  • Aggression
21
Q

Conflicting Standards

A
  • Standards of wanting to drink and wanting to abstain change in salience over time with regard to environmental and internal cues
  • related to self-regulation failure in heavy drinkers
  • to comsume or not to consume
22
Q

False Consensus Effect

A

-Assuming that everyone else drinks

23
Q

Strength

A
  • Depletions in strength caused by exhaustion, stress, personal weakness can lead to drinking
  • Underregulation
24
Q

Controlling Emotion

A
  • A person may assume that drinking is an effective means to regulate their affective state
  • Affect regulation strategy may be self-defeating (Misregulation and Overgeneralization)
  • Inability to cope with negative emotion (Misregulation)
25
Q

Distorted Self-Knowledge

A
  • Misplaced self-confidence that one can “handle” a large amount of alcohol
  • Alcohol may serve as an important tool for increasing positive self-regard
  • Alcohol may be taken to protect or enhance positive self-evaluations
  • May lead ultimately to feelings of failure
26
Q

Snowballing

A
  • Stage where true failures of self-regulation occur

- Habitual intoxication is indisputably harmful

27
Q

Zero-Tolerance Beliefs

A
  • Assumes self-control has already failed following initial indulgence
  • May undermine self-regulation and increase likelihood of further indulgences
28
Q

Abstinence Violation Effect

A
  • Many treatment programs emphasize abstinence

- “all-or-none” type of thinking

29
Q

Psychological Inertia

A
  • drinking becomes progressively harder to stop

- prototype for lapse-activated causal patterns

30
Q

Reduction in Monitoring

A
  • Alcohol reduces self-awareness

- Alcohol appears to decrease memory consolidation

31
Q

Loss of Control of Attention

A
  • Alcohol Myopia- general narrowing of the perceptual field
  • Narrowed focus to cues that encourage alcohol consumption
  • Pro-drinking cues prevalent in bars, sporting events, etc.
  • Intoxicated individual focuses on the most salient aspects of the situation
  • Generalizes to cues associated with aggression, sexual encounters etc.
32
Q

Overgeneralization

A

-The reasons for drinking will multiply until alcohol is used to deal with all unpleasant states

33
Q

Misguided Focusing in Mood Regulation

A
  • Drinking for mood control can backfire as opponent processes are recruited
  • Vicious cycle where bad moods prompt alcohol consumption, which is followed by a worsening of mood, which leads to further drinking
34
Q

Spiraling Distress

A

preoccupation–> binge intoxication–> withdrawl negative affect

Impulse Control (16 decks)

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