CompTIA A+ Core 1: Networking Fundamentals

Question 1

Name common protocols

Answer 1

User Datagram protocol (UDP)
Transmission control protocol(TCP)
Internet control message protocol(ICMP)

Question 2

Name common ports

Answer 2

HTTP- TCP Port 80
FTP- TCP port 20 and 21
SMTP- TCP Port 25
DNS- TCP/UDP Port 53

Question 3

Features of TCP

Answer 3

Connection oriented protocol
Delivery is guaranteed, lost packets are retransmitted
A three-way handshake is completed before any data is transferred

Question 4

Describe three-way handshake Step 1

Answer 4

the client will initiate communication by sending a synchronization request to the server on the other side

Question 5

Describe three-way handshake Step 2

Answer 5

The server will accept that request and acknowledge it, and send back this acknowledgment

Question 6

Describe three-way handshake Step 3

Answer 6

informs the client, have received your request, ready to communicate.

The client acknowledges that and the connection has been established.

Question 7

What is TCP used for

Answer 7

Used for large transfers
Zone transfers
Synchronizing

Question 8

Features of UDP

Answer 8

Connectionless
Speeds up communication
Delivery and order is not guaranteed

Question 9

What is UDP used for

Answer 9

Used to return smaller amounts oof data

Question 10

Describe switches

Answer 10

Connect devices on a network together
Receive and forward data between devices
Are used within a LAN

Question 11

Describe routers

Answer 11

Connect networks together
Forward data based upon destination IP address
Allow multiple devices to use same internet connection

Question 12

Describe access points

Answer 12

Connects to a wired network device such as a switch or router
Allows wireless clients to connect to the wired network and access resources
Handles large numbers of wireless clients
Can be powered by Power over Ethernet (PoE)

Question 13

Describe repeaters

Answer 13

Re-broadcasts existing wireless network
Cost-effective option to increase wireless range
Easy to install

Question 14

Describe extenders

Answer 14

Creates a new wireless network
Can be wired to the existing network
More complex to install

Question 15

Describe patch panels

Answer 15

A collection of poorts on a panel
Cables are terminated at patch panel
Allow connections from different locations
Patch cables are used to create connections

Question 16

Features of firewalls

Answer 16

Control inbound and/or outbound network or shoot traffic
Use rules to allow or deny traffic
Are implemented with hardware or software
Can store session state for stateful filtering
can packet filter based upon ports or IP addresses

Question 17

Additional features of hardware firewalls

Answer 17

VPN concentrator

Web filtering

Question 18

Describe hardware firewalls

Answer 18

Dedicated hardware
Runs specialised software
Placed between your network and an untrusted network

Question 19

Describe software firewalls

Answer 19

Runs on a host
Only as secure as the underlying OS
Controls access per application
Works on a port level

Question 20

Describe stateful firewalls

Answer 20

inspect contents and state of packets
better at detecting unusual/potentially malicious traffic
able to more intelligently filter traffic based upon context
require more memory and computational power

Question 21

Describe stateless firewalls

Answer 21

Can be performed quickly
generally cheaper
use preset rules based upon source addresses, destination addresses and ports
unable to determine context

Question 22

Describe PoE standards and features

Answer 22

Allows power delivery over Ethernet cables
Encapsulates the following standards
- 802.3af
- 802.3at
- 802.3bt

Question 23

Describe hubs

Answer 23

Operate on Level 1 of OSI model
Any received signal is sent to all other ports
Produce more traffic
Simpler and cheaper
Not often used anymore

Question 24

Describe active hub

Answer 24

Strength received signal
Can extend range of network
Have a higher power requirement

Question 25

Describe passive hub

Answer 25

Connect computers together on a physical evel Do not strengthen signal Will not increase range of network

Question 26

Describe network bridge

Answer 26

Operates on Layer 2 of OSI model Divides network into segments Traffic is inspected for destination MAC address

Question 27

Describe cable modems

Answer 27

Runs over coaxial cables speeds between 50 Mbps and 1 Gbps often has a hybrid of fiber and copper coaxial on backend

Question 28

Describe DSL modems

Answer 28

Runs over phone lines speeds highly dependent on distance commonly available with speeds between 5-100 Mbps

Question 29

Describe features of ONT fiber technology

Answer 29

Serves as a termination point for a fiber connection allows client devices to connect via Ethernet or Wi-FI More expensive than cable/DSL modem

Question 30

Describe additional features of ONT fiber technology

Answer 30

ONT connects to a fiber connection Cables/DSL modems ultizie copper wires ONTs are often standalone units ONTs do not have to modulate or demodulate

Question 31

Describe Etherent NIC

Answer 31

Allows computer to connect to Ethernet-based network | Often integrated into motherboard

Question 32

Describe Wi-Fi NIC

Answer 32

``` Allows computer to connect to 802.11 wireless networks Utilizes one of the Wi-Fi standards - Wi-Fi 5(802.11ac) - Wi-Fi 6(802.11ax) Commonly integrated into mobile devices ```

Question 33

Describe features of SDN archietecture

Answer 33

``` Separates software from hardware Allows software to control the network - Provisioning - Configuration - Management ```

Question 34

Describe components of SDN

Answer 34

Applications Controllers Physical networking devices

Question 35

Describe applications(SDN)

Answer 35

Software that interfaces with administrators | Provide information or take requests

Question 36

Describe controllers

Answer 36

Take information from an application | Decide how packets should be routed based upon received information

Question 37

Describe Physical networking devices

Answer 37

Perform the functions of moving the actual data Made up of physical switches, routers Receives commands from a controller