CompTIA A+ 1201 - 4.0 Operational Procedures

Question 1

Patch Management Lifecycle

Answer 1

Notification
Assessment
Acquisition
Testing
Deployment
Validation

Question 2

Full Backup

Answer 2

Backs up all of the chosen data regardless of when it was previously backed up.

Higher time and storage requirements, with low recovery complexity due to single job.

Question 3

Incremental Backup

Answer 3

Backs up the new files and folders that have been modified since the last backup job.

Lower time and storage requirements, with high recovery complexity due to multiple jobs.

Question 4

Differential Backup

Answer 4

Backs up the new files and folders modified since the last FULL backup.

Moderate time and storage requirements, with moderate complexity due to 2 jobs.

Question 5

Synthetic Backup

Answer 5

Synthesizes the previous full backup and the incremental backups over a period of time and combines them.

This erases the previous full backup and becomes the full backup.

Question 6

GFS Backup

Answer 6

Grandfather-father-son media rotation.

A label scheme for monthly, weekly and daily backup jobs.

Most recent data (son) has shortest retention period (one week) up to oldest (grandfather) with a longer retention period (one year)

Question 7

3-2-1 Backup Rule

Answer 7

3 Copies of your data
Across 2 media types
1 copy held offline and off-site

Question 8

Power Surge

Answer 8

Abrupt but brief change in the value of voltage

Question 9

Power Spike

Answer 9

A powerful surge, such as the kind caused by lightining.

Question 10

Power Sag

Answer 10

Power supply to components briefly dips below required levels

Question 11

Brownout

Answer 11

Power from the wall socket is insufficient to allow devices to function correctly.

Question 12

Line Conditioner

Answer 12

A device that adjusts voltages in under-voltage and over-voltage conditions to maintain a 120v output.

Question 13

Power Distribution Unit (PDU)

Answer 13

A device designed to provide power to other devices that require it.

Question 14

Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)

Answer 14

The rating on a device or component that predicts the expected time between failures.

Question 15

Temperature, Humidity and Ventilation (THV)

Answer 15

Excessive heat effects computer reliability, high humidity causes condensation and low humidity can result in Electro-static discharge (ESD)

A decent HVAC system can prevent this.

Question 16

Voltage Clamp

Answer 16

Feature of a Surge Protector that cuts off the power flow after a certain voltage is exceeded.

Question 17

Change Management Process

RIAIR

Answer 17

1) Request for Change
2) Impact Analysis
3) Approval / Denial
4) Implement Change
5) Review / Reporting

Question 18

Request for Changes (RFC’s)

Answer 18

Requests that are made by management staff to implement new features into the IT infrastructure, to be approved by senior management.

Question 19

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s)

Answer 19

Documented standards for work.

Question 20

Process for Instituting Change to Operational Policies and Procedures

Answer 20

1) Implementation of changes should be carefully planned.
2) Organizations should attempt a trial implementation for major changes.
3) Create a rollback or remediation plan (IMPORTANT)
4) Schedule changes to have minimal impact on workflow. Eg; Weekends.
5) After the change is implemented, assess its impact.
6) Review the process and document outcomes.

Question 21

Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP)

Answer 21

A documented and resourced plan showing actions and responsibilities to be used in response to critical incidents.

1) Identify scenarios for natural and man-made disasters and options for protecting systems.

2) Identify tasks, resources and responsibilities for responding to a disaster.

3) Train staff in the disaster planning procedures and how to react well to change.

Question 22

Recovery Images Guidelines

Answer 22

1) Windows computers come with a recovery image, but the image does not get updated unless you do it manually.

2) Custom recovery images should contain current OS state, plus all desktop apps installed at the boot partition.

3) Any changes to apps or configuration requires a new recovery image to be created.

4) Use recovery images to restore a PC’s or VM’s functionality (OS and Apps)

5) Use file-level backups to restore user profile information and data.

Question 23

Backups Guidelines (RTDD)

Answer 23

1) Remember, restoring data from backup provides data that is only as current as the last backup.

2) Test backups after they are created.

3) Determine where backups will be stored, both locally and offsite.

4) Document the account recovery methods that will be needed for any systems, applications or websites used by the organization.

Question 24

Backup Levels (Low to high importance)

Answer 24

File -> Image -> Critical Applications

Question 25

.bat

Answer 25

Windows Batch File

Question 26

.ps1

Answer 26

PowerShell Script

Question 27

.sh

Answer 27

Linux Shell Script

Question 28

.vbs

Answer 28

VBScript File

Question 29

.js

Answer 29

JavaScript file

Question 30

.py

Answer 30

Python Script

Question 31

Variables (Scripting)

Answer 31

Contains values that can change during program execution.

Question 32

Constants (Scripting)

Answer 32

Contains values that do not change during program execution.

Question 33

Identifiers (Scripting)

Answer 33

A computer programming component used to access program elements such as a stored value (constant, variable, etc…)

Question 34

Environment Variables (Scripting)

Answer 34

A storage location in the OS command Shell.

In a script, the Shell will recognize some variables and replace them with the correct path.

Eg; %SystemDrive% = “$:" %SystemRoot% = $:\Windows

Will always refer to the root drive, regardless of letter assigned.

Question 35

Branch (Scripting)

Answer 35

A programming technique used to control flow based on a logical condition and implemented with “if” or “goto” statements.

if [[ some condition ]]; then
do_something
finish

Question 36

Loop (Scripting)

Answer 36

A programming technique used to repeat a task until a logical condition is met and implemented with “for” or “while” statements.

Question 37

Integers (Scripting)

Answer 37

Whole Numbers

Question 38

Floating Point Numbers (Scripting)

Answer 38

Whole numbers that support decimal fractions.

Can also store whole numbers in decimal form -> 4.0

Eg; 4.1, 26.4

Question 39

Boolean Values (Scripting)

Answer 39

Indicates that something is either TRUE or FALSE ( 1 or 0 )

Question 40

Characters (Scripting)

Answer 40

A single, textual character.

Eg; D, a, 7, $, @ , #

Question 41

Strings (Scripting)

Answer 41

A string of text characters.

Eg; “Hello World”, “XYZ”