Compressed Neuropathy DSA Flashcards

1
Q

What is neuropathy?

A

Functional or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What are biomechanical causes of neuropathy?

A
  • space occupying lesions (ex. cysts)
  • degenerative causes
  • post traumatic causes (ex. fracture)
  • mechanical (ex. muscle spasm)
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3
Q

What are systemic causes of neuropathy?

A

pregnancy

hypothyroidism

diabetes

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4
Q

Explain the anatomy of a nerve

A
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5
Q

Describe nerve injuries degrees 1-5

A
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6
Q

Where can the radial nerve become entrapped?

A
  1. high on the humerus
  2. radial tunnel
  3. at the wrist
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7
Q

What do we see when the radial n is trapped high on the humerus? what causes this?

A
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8
Q

What do we see when the radial n is trapped in the radial tunnel? what causes this?

A
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9
Q

What do we see when the radial n is trapped at the wrist? what causes this?

A
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10
Q

What sensory sx are present in anterior interosseous syndrome?

A

none

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11
Q

What test indicates anterior interosseous syndrome?

A

OK sign –> they can’t do it

tx: elbow can be splinted in 90o of flexion for up to 12 weeks

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12
Q

Pt. has parasthesia of their 4th and 5th digits, medial elbow pain with decreased intrinsic m. strength, sx are reproduced with elbow flexion and wrist extension, what sign do you expect to be positive? how do you treat?

A

ulnar n. entrapment - cubital tunnel syndrome

+ Tinel’s sign, + Froment’s sign

tx: padded elbow sleeve to limit terminal elbow flexion and provide cushioning

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13
Q

What causes carpal tunnel. syndrome?

A

medial n. entrapment as it passes under flexor retinaculum

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14
Q

What sx do you see with carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

nighttime numbness of lateral 3.5 digits, tingling, wrist pain, thenar atrophy

dx: EMG

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15
Q

Compression of the brachial plexus and/or subclavian vessels is known as…

A

thoracic outlet syndrome

sites of compression:

scalene triangle

costoclavicular passage

pectoralis minor attachment at coracoid process

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16
Q

Pt presents with weakness of UE, numbness in medial arm and forearm and hand, and it is made worse by painting their ceiling. You suspect…

A

thoracic outlet syndrome

“Weakness, paresthesia of medial arm, forearm, and hand exacerbated by overhead activities”

17
Q

What tests are done for thoracic outlet syndrome?

A
18
Q

What is the cause, etiology, and sx of meralgia paresthetica?

A
19
Q

Where does the compression occur in common fibular nerve compression?

A

as nerve winds around fibular neck and enters fibular tunnel

20
Q

What position can can common fibular nerve compression?

A

“strawberry pickers palsy”

time spent squatting

21
Q

What can cause tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A
22
Q

Pt presents with a vague burning and tingling sensation on the plantar surface of the foot. Their gait is fine, but pain is felt on plantar surface. How do you treat?

A

Myofascial release, HVLA
NSAIDs, rest, US, PT, acupuncture

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

23
Q

What is the neuropathy that compresses the deep fibular nerve?

A

anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome

sx: pain over dorsomedial aspect of foot & worse at rest,

weakness of extensor digitorum brevis

etiology: trauma, talonavicular dysfunction, prolonged plantar flexion, compression from shoes

24
Q
A