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PTA 160 > Comprehensive Final Exam > Flashcards

Comprehensive Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration

What are the primary muscles of respiration? What do they do?

A
  • diaphragm - deepens pleural cavity
  • external intercostals - elevate ribs
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2
Q

Respiration

What are the accessory muscles of deep respiration?
What do they do?

What is deep breathing?

Includes primary muscles:

A
  • SCM
  • pec major
  • scalenes
  • serratus posterior superior
  • levator costarum

elevate ribs

Increased depth of breathing during exertion

diaphragm
external intercostals

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3
Q

Respiration

What are the accessory muscles specific to forced respiration?

What is forced respiration?

Includes primary + deep accessory muscles

A
  • levator scapulae
  • upper trapezius
  • rhomboids
  • pec minor

Forced breathing when difficulty breathing

diaphragm
external intercostals
SCM
pec major
scalenes
serratus posterior inferior
levator costarum

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4
Q

Respiration

T/F:
There is no muscle action during passive expiration.

A

True

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5
Q

Respiration

What are the muscles of forced expiration?

A
  • internal intercostals
  • rectus abdominis
  • internal/external obliques
  • transverse abdominis
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6
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy

What are the three structures that provide integrity to the TMJ?

A
  • joint capsule
  • meniscus
  • ligaments (3)
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7
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy

What are the three ligaments of the TMJ?

A

stylomandibular ligament
lateral ligament (temporomandibular ligament)
internal ligament (sphenomandibular ligament}

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8
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy

What motion does the stylomandibular ligament limit?

A

excessive anterior movement of mandible during extreme opening

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9
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy

What motions does the temporomandibular/lateral ligament limit?

A

excessive forward, backward, and lateral movement

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10
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy

What is the primary suspensory ligament during moderate opening?

A

temporomandibular (lateral) ligament

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11
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy

What is the primary suspensory ligament during wide opening?

A

sphenomandibular (internal) ligament

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12
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Muscles

What are the prime movers in mandibular elevation?

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid

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13
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Muscles

What are the prime movers of mandibular depression?

A

lateral pterygoid
suprahyoid
infrahyoid

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14
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Muscles

What are the prime movers of mandibular retraction?

A

temporalis
masseter
digastric

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15
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Muscles

What are the prime movers of mandibular protraction?

A

masseter
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

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15
Q

Temporomandibular Joint Muscles

What are the prime movers in lateral/side to side mandibular motion?

A

medial pterygoid (same side)
lateral pterygoid (same side)
masseter (opposite side)
temporalis (opposite side)

16
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

What is the resting jaw position?

A
  • separation of maxillary and mandibular teeth
  • tongue resting on roof of mouth
17
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

What are some activities an individual with TMD (temporomandibular dysfunction) avoid?

A

grinding teeth
eating hard candy
chewing gum
clenching jaw
extensive dental work

18
Q

Manual Muscle Testing

What is the numeric strength grade of Normal (N)?
What is the definition?

A

5/5
Pt is able to hold test position against maximal resistance.

19
Q

Manual Muscle Testing

What is the numeric strength grade of Good+ (G+)?
What is the definition?

A

4+/5
Pt is able to hold test position against strong resistance.

20
Q

Manual Muscle Testing

What is the numeric strength grade for Good (G)?
What is the definition?

A

4/5
Pt is able to hold test position against moderate resistance.

21
Q

Manual Muscle Testing

What is the numeric strength grade for Good- (G-)?
What is the definition?

A

4-/5
Pt is able to hold test position against minimal resistance.

22
Q

Manual Muscle Testing

What is the numeric strength grade for Fair+ (F+)?
What is the definition?

A

3+/5
Pt is able to hold test position against slight resistance.

23
Q

Manual Muscle Testing

What is the numeric strength grade for Fair (F)?
What is the definition?

A

3/5
Pt is able to hold test position with no resistance.

24
Q

Manual Muscle Testing

What is the numeric strength grade for Fair- (F-)?
What is the definition?

A

3-/5
Pt is able to actively move equal to or more than halfway of available PROM.

25
Q

Manual Muscle Testing

What is the numeric strength grade for Poor+ (P+)?
What is the definition?

A

2+/5
Pt is only able to move less than halfway through available PROM.

26
Q

Manual Muscle Testing

What is the numeric strength grade of Poor (P)?
What is the definition?

A

2/5
Pt is able to actively move through full available PROM in gravity reduced position.

27
Q
A

PTA 160 (11 decks)

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