Comprehensive Final Exam Flashcards
Respiration
What are the primary muscles of respiration? What do they do?
- diaphragm - deepens pleural cavity
- external intercostals - elevate ribs
Respiration
What are the accessory muscles of deep respiration?
What do they do?
What is deep breathing?
Includes primary muscles:
- SCM
- pec major
- scalenes
- serratus posterior superior
- levator costarum
elevate ribs
Increased depth of breathing during exertion
diaphragm
external intercostals
Respiration
What are the accessory muscles specific to forced respiration?
What is forced respiration?
Includes primary + deep accessory muscles
- levator scapulae
- upper trapezius
- rhomboids
- pec minor
Forced breathing when difficulty breathing
diaphragm
external intercostals
SCM
pec major
scalenes
serratus posterior inferior
levator costarum
Respiration
T/F:
There is no muscle action during passive expiration.
True
Respiration
What are the muscles of forced expiration?
- internal intercostals
- rectus abdominis
- internal/external obliques
- transverse abdominis
Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy
What are the three structures that provide integrity to the TMJ?
- joint capsule
- meniscus
- ligaments (3)
Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy
What are the three ligaments of the TMJ?
stylomandibular ligament
lateral ligament (temporomandibular ligament)
internal ligament (sphenomandibular ligament}
Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy
What motion does the stylomandibular ligament limit?
excessive anterior movement of mandible during extreme opening
Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy
What motions does the temporomandibular/lateral ligament limit?
excessive forward, backward, and lateral movement
Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy
What is the primary suspensory ligament during moderate opening?
temporomandibular (lateral) ligament
Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy
What is the primary suspensory ligament during wide opening?
sphenomandibular (internal) ligament
Temporomandibular Joint Muscles
What are the prime movers in mandibular elevation?
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
Temporomandibular Joint Muscles
What are the prime movers of mandibular depression?
lateral pterygoid
suprahyoid
infrahyoid
Temporomandibular Joint Muscles
What are the prime movers of mandibular retraction?
temporalis
masseter
digastric
Temporomandibular Joint Muscles
What are the prime movers of mandibular protraction?
masseter
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid
Temporomandibular Joint Muscles
What are the prime movers in lateral/side to side mandibular motion?
medial pterygoid (same side)
lateral pterygoid (same side)
masseter (opposite side)
temporalis (opposite side)
Temporomandibular Joint
What is the resting jaw position?
- separation of maxillary and mandibular teeth
- tongue resting on roof of mouth
Temporomandibular Joint
What are some activities an individual with TMD (temporomandibular dysfunction) avoid?
grinding teeth
eating hard candy
chewing gum
clenching jaw
extensive dental work
Manual Muscle Testing
What is the numeric strength grade of Normal (N)?
What is the definition?
5/5
Pt is able to hold test position against maximal resistance.
Manual Muscle Testing
What is the numeric strength grade of Good+ (G+)?
What is the definition?
4+/5
Pt is able to hold test position against strong resistance.
Manual Muscle Testing
What is the numeric strength grade for Good (G)?
What is the definition?
4/5
Pt is able to hold test position against moderate resistance.
Manual Muscle Testing
What is the numeric strength grade for Good- (G-)?
What is the definition?
4-/5
Pt is able to hold test position against minimal resistance.
Manual Muscle Testing
What is the numeric strength grade for Fair+ (F+)?
What is the definition?
3+/5
Pt is able to hold test position against slight resistance.
Manual Muscle Testing
What is the numeric strength grade for Fair (F)?
What is the definition?
3/5
Pt is able to hold test position with no resistance.
Manual Muscle Testing
What is the numeric strength grade for Fair- (F-)?
What is the definition?
3-/5
Pt is able to actively move equal to or more than halfway of available PROM.
Manual Muscle Testing
What is the numeric strength grade for Poor+ (P+)?
What is the definition?
2+/5
Pt is only able to move less than halfway through available PROM.
Manual Muscle Testing
What is the numeric strength grade of Poor (P)?
What is the definition?
2/5
Pt is able to actively move through full available PROM in gravity reduced position.
