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Nurse 140 Clinical Applications Lab > comprehensive > Flashcards

comprehensive Flashcards

1
Q

Define Afebrile

A

Without a fever

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2
Q

Define Apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep

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3
Q

Define Blood Pressure

A

The pressure of circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels

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4
Q

Define Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow heart action

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5
Q

Define Bradyapnea

A

Abnormally slow respiration rate

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6
Q

Define Diastolic Pressure

A

The pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats

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7
Q

Define Dyspepsia

A

difficult or labored breathing.

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8
Q

Define Eupnea

A

normal, good, unlabored breathing

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9
Q

Define Febrile

A

having or showing the symptoms of a fever

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10
Q

Define Fever

A

an abnormally high body temperature

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11
Q

Define Dysrhythmia

A

abnormality in a physiological rhythm, especially in the activity of the brain or heart.

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12
Q

Define Hypertension

A

A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.

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13
Q

Define Hyperthermia

A

the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal

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14
Q

Define Hypotension

A

A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too low

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15
Q

Define Hypothermia

A

the condition of having body temperature greatly below normal

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16
Q

What are Korotkoff sounds?

A

Korotkoff Sounds Definition. Korotkoff sounds are blood flow sounds that healthcare providers observe while taking blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer over the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa. These sounds appear and disappear as the blood pressure cuff is inflated and deflated.

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17
Q

Define Orthopnea

A

shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair.

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18
Q

Define Orthostatic Hypotension

A

AKA postural hypotension — is a form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down

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19
Q

Define Pulse

A

a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck

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20
Q

Define Pulse Deficit

A

The difference between the apical and radial pulse

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21
Q

Define Pulse Pressure

A

is the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure

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22
Q

Define Respiration

A

the action of breathing

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23
Q

Define Systolic Pressure

A

The highest pressure when your heart beats and pushes the blood round your body

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24
Q

Define Tachycardia

A

an abnormally rapid heart rate

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25
Q

Define Tachypnea

A

an abnormally rapid respiratory rate

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26
Q

Define temperature

A

The difference between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost to the environment measured in degrees

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27
Q

Define Vital signs

A

clinical measurements, specifically pulse rate, temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure, that indicate the state of a patient’s essential body functions.

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28
Q

Is oral temperature considered surface or core?

A

Surface

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29
Q

Is rectal temperature considered surface or core?

A

Core

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30
Q

Is tympanic temperature considered surface or core?

A

core

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31
Q

Is Axillary temperature considered surface or core?

A

surface

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32
Q

Is forehead temperature considered surface or core?

A

core

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33
Q

What is normal average oral body temperature for resting healthy adults?

A

Fahrenheit - 98.6 degrees Celsius- 37.0 degrees

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34
Q

What is normal pulse range for a resting adult?

A

60 to 100 beats/minute

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35
Q

What happens to the HR with parasympathetic stimulation?

A

It decreases

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36
Q

What happens to the HR with sympathetic stimulation?

A

It increases

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37
Q

What are the heart ventricles doing during systole?

A

They are contracting

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38
Q

What are the heart ventricles doing during diastole?

A

They are relaxing

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39
Q

What is considered the top of the normal B/P for a resting adult?

A

Depending on the source, either 120/80 or 110/70

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40
Q

What is the most common artery used for blood pressure (B/P) assessment?

A

Brachial

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41
Q

List one other artery that may be used for B/P assessment?

A

-popliteal -radial

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42
Q

What are five times when Vital signs need to be assessed

A
  1. Upon admission to any healthcare agency or facility
  2. Any time there is a change in patient condition
  3. Any time there is a loss of consciousness
  4. Before administering medications that affect cardiovascular or respiratory function
  5. When agency/facility policy or protocol call for vitals to be assessed
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43
Q

List three main things that affect body temperature

A
  1. Physical Activity
  2. State of health
  3. Environmental Temperature
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44
Q

List seven factors that affect heart rate

A
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Physical Activity
  4. Body Temperature
  5. Stress level
  6. Medications
  7. Disease
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45
Q

What is normal respiratory rate range for a resting healthy adult?

A

12 to 20 breaths/minute

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46
Q

List 7 factors that affect respiration rate

A
  1. Age
  2. Exercise
  3. Acid-base Balance
  4. Anxiety
  5. Acute Pain
  6. Medications
  7. Respiratory Disease
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47
Q

List 7 factors that affect B/P other than age, gender and race

A
  1. Circadian rhythm
  2. Food intake
  3. Exercise
  4. Weight
  5. Emotional State
  6. Drugs/Medications
  7. Body Positiona
49
Q

What are the 7 required parts of a medication order? PDNDRFS

A
  1. Patient Name 2. Date and Time 3. Name of Drug 4. Dose of drug 5. Route of administration 6. Frequency 7. Signature of Prescriber
50
Q

Give an example or type of medication applied as a powder

A

Medications used to maintain dryness in areas and avoid chafing

51
Q

Give an example or type of medication applied as a Cream

A

Anti-microbial or anti-fungal creams HRT

52
Q

Give an example or type of medication applied as a Lotion

A

Dryness relief irritation relief

53
Q

Give 3 examples or type of medication applied as a transdermal patch

A

Nicotine Nitroglycerin Narcotic analgesics Hormones

54
Q

Give 2 examples or types of medication applied as a Eye drops

A

Pupal dilation (Atropa) Intra-ocular pressure control

55
Q

Give an example or type of medication applied as a eye ointment

A

Treat eye infections

56
Q

Give 3 examples or types of medication applied as an ear instillation

A

Soften earwax Treat infection relief of pain Destroy insects

57
Q

Give 3 examples or type of medication applied as a nasal instillation

A

Allergies Sinus infection Nasal congestion

58
Q

Give an example or type of medication applied as a vaginal application

A

Yeast infection suppository

59
Q

Give 3 examples or types of medication applied as a rectal instillation

A

Laxitives Fecal softeners Anti-emetics Acetaminophen

60
Q

Give an example or type of medication applied as an inhalation

A

Bronchodilators

61
Q

What does AIDET stand for?

A

Acknowledge Introduce Duration Explain Thank you

62
Q

What are the three checks a nurse uses before administering medication?

A

1.When reaching for unit does package or containers 2.After retrieval from drawer and comparing with MAR 3.Before giving med to patient or returning medication to cart

63
Q

What are the 5 rights for safe med administration and the 2 extra rights?

A

1.Right Medication 2.Right Patient 3.Right Dose 4.Right Route 5.Right Time + 6.Right reason 7.Right Documentation

64
Q

What are the 6 possible patient identifiers

A

Name Photograph Birthday Medical Record Number Barcode ID number

65
Q

What are the 4 main areas where subcutaneous injections ca be given?

A
  1. The outer aspect of the arm 2. The abdomen between the lower coastal line and the pelvic arch 3. The anterior thigh 4. Upper ventral/dorsal-gluteal areas
66
Q

What are the three recommended sites for IM injections?

A
  1. Deltoid 2. Ventrogluteal 3. vastas Lateralis
67
Q

Which site is recommended for vaccines for adults and children who are walking?

68
Q

Which site is recommended for vaccines administered to infants?

A

Vastas Lateralis

69
Q

Which site is recommended for viscous or oily medications in adults?

A

Ventrogluteal

70
Q

Why is the Z-track technique recommended for intramuscular injections?

A

Avoids leak back of medication Along needle track

71
Q

Give 2 examples of when Z-track technique is recommended

A
  1. When giving Iron, to avoid discoloration 2. When PT is receiving injections over extended periods
72
Q

What type of tissue does a subcutaneous injection get administered into?

73
Q

What insertion angle is used for subcutaneous injection?

A

45-90 degrees

74
Q

What are 2 popular medications administered via subcutaneous injection?

A

1.Insulin 2. Heparin

75
Q

Between what layers of the skin do intradermal injections go?

A

The Epidermis and the Dermis

76
Q

What insertion angle is used for intradermal injection?

77
Q

List 3 uses for intradermal injection

A

1.Tuberculin 2. Allergy Tests 3. Local Anesthesia

78
Q

What are 4 techniques for reducing discomfort from injections?

A
  1. Z track 2. Pressing on injection site prior to injection 3. Not telling the Patient the moment you plan to inject 4. Distracting the patient
79
Q

What is a PRN order?

80
Q

What is a standing order?

A

Pre-approved actions that can be carried out by the nurse without contacting provider

81
Q

What is a one time order?

A

To be given once at the specified time and by the specified route

82
Q

What is a stat order?

A

To be given immediately

83
Q

What equipment is needed for administration of an injection for a client who has no transmission based precautions? 6

A
  1. PPE 2. Medication 3. Syringe 4. Antimicrobial Scrub 5. Gauze 6. MAR
84
Q

Know the parts of the syringe as described in your textbook. 9

A

Plunger, Barrel, Needle, Shaft, Lumen, Bevel, Threads for Luer Lock, Needle Hub, Safety guard

85
Q

Define Abduction

A

Moving away from the midline

86
Q

Define Adduction

A

Moving towards the midline

87
Q

Define circumduction

A

Conical movement of a body part

88
Q

Define flexion

A

Decreasing the angle of the joint

89
Q

Define Extension

A

Decreasing the angle of the joint

90
Q

Define hyperextension

A

Extending beyond the normal extension line

91
Q

Define Dorsiflexion

A

To bend towards its upper surface

92
Q

Define plantar flexion

A

Bend towards its lower surface

93
Q

Define rotation

A

Bone or whole limb pivots or revolves around a single long axis

94
Q

Define internal rotation

A

Rotation towards the axis of the body

95
Q

Define external rotation

A

rotation away from the axis of the body

96
Q

Define pronation

A

rolling inwards motion of the foot

97
Q

Define supination

A

Rolling outward motion of the foot

98
Q

What is isotonic exercise

A

Contracting muscle shortens against constant load *Lifting weights*

99
Q

What is isometric exercise?

A

Joint angle and muscle strength don’t change during contraction

100
Q

Isokinetic

A

Movement at a constant speed regardless of force applied

101
Q

Supine position

A

Laying on back

102
Q

Prone position

A

Laying on stomach

103
Q

Sim;s position

A

On left side upper leg flexed at hip and knees, lower leg is straight and upper arm flexed and rested

104
Q

What is High Fowlers position?

A

Head of bed at or close to a 90 degree angle

105
Q

What is semi Fowlers?

A

Head of the bed at 30-45 degrees

106
Q

What is trendelenburg position?

A

Full supine with feet elevated above the head 15-30 degree incline

107
Q

What is reverse trendelenburg?

A

Full flat supine with 15-30 degree incline head above feet

108
Q

Define Range of motion

A

The full movement potential of a joint, usually its range of flexion and extension

109
Q

What does the glucometer test?

A

Blood glucose levels

110
Q

What are the four stages of infection?

A
  1. Incubation 2. Prodromal 3. Acute 4. Convolescent
111
Q

What are the 6 components of the chain of infection?

A
  1. Susceptible Host 2. Infectious Agent 3. Reservoir 4. Portal of exit 5. Means of transmission 6. Portal of entry
112
Q

What is transient bacteria?

A

Microbes that colonize the skin and can cause infection or disease

113
Q

What is Resident bacteria?

A

Normal Skin bacteria

114
Q

What is a nosocomial infection?

A

An infection that is contracted because of an infectious agent or toxin that exists in a certian location

115
Q

What is a healthcare associated infection?

A

An infection obtained while being treated for a non related condition

Nurse 140 Clinical Applications Lab (7 decks)

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