Comprehensive Flashcards
Fetal resuscitation
- Left lateral position (increases blood flow to uterus, right does not)
- Increase IV rate
- O2 8-10 L
What are strawberry hemangiomas
Elevated areas formed by immature capillaries that will disappear over time
What are port wine stains
Deep, dark red areas that require laser therapy to remove
What’s a nonpharmacologic intervention for cracked nipples from breastfeeding
Warm, moist tea bags because of the tannic acid in the tea. Don’t put anything else other then breast milk on the nipples.
Colors of amniotic fluid and what they mean
Light yellow/clear
Green
Strong yellowish
Normal color
Meconium stained
Erythroblastosis fetalis (from bilirubin and hemolyzed rbcs)
What are the complications for a neonate born to a mother with chlamydia
Conjunctivitis and pneumonia
What is the harlequin sign
Benign. (Doesn’t need treatment) color change in which half of the body blanches and the other side is red
Elements of biophysical profile
- Fetal HR reactivity (using NST)
- Breathing movement
- Total gross movement
- Tone
- Amniotic fluid volume
what does a hysterosalpingogram test
- endocervical canal (area between external os and internal os)
- uterine cavity
- fallopian tubes
Clomiphene citrate action
increase FSH and LH to promote fertility
Menstrual cycle phases
- Menstrual phase (day 1-6)
- Follicular Phase (day 6-13)
- Ovulation Phase (day 14)
- Secretory phase/Luteal phase (day 15-26)
- Ischemic phase (27-28)
Explain the cycle of amniotic fluid
- first appears around 3 weeks
- approximately 30 mL at 10 weeks
- 800 mL by 24 weeks and remains stable
- slight decrease as pregnancy reaches term
function of amniotic fluid
- symmetrical fetal growth
- prevents mechanical injury
- prevents adherence of the amnion to the fetus
what is a major fetal development during 16 weeks gestation
teeth develop
what stimulates the release of prolactin
after birth there is an abrupt decrease in estrogen which stimulates prolactin
what are the two layers of the amniotic sac called
the inner membrane is called the amnion and contains amniotic fluid. this develops from the ectoderm.
The outer is called the chorion this develops from the trophoblast
before 8 weeks what do you call a unborn baby.
it is an embryo and becomes a fetus
what is Gamete intrafallopian transfer
when the sperm and oocyte are mixed outside the womans body and placed into the fallopian tube via laparoscopy
what is an endometrial biopsy used for
test the endometriums resposne to progesterone
what is a Serum FSH analysis used to test for
assess ovarian function
what factors are gonadotoxins? (effect sperm production)
- heat of the testes
- calcium channel blockers
- infection within the last 3 months
what is folic acid supplementation used for in pregnacy?
decrease the incidence of neural tube defects
what is supine hypotension
when pregnant women are in supine position the fetus compresses the inferior vena cava decreasing blood flow to the heart leading to hypotension.
what causes physiologic anemia
the increase in blood volume (by 50%) causes hemodilution
why are pregnant women at higher risk for cholelithiasis
progesterone induced prolonged emptying time of bile from the gallbladder combined with elevated cholesterol levels.
what is the main symptom of cholelithiasis.
epigastric pain follwing ingestion of a high fat meal. Usually resolves within 2 hours
what is the main concern with smoking during pregnacy
low birth weight from IUGR due to hypoxia
what is alpha-fetoprotein used for
high levels indicate neural tube defect.
Low levels indicate down syndrome
when is the fundus located at the symphysis pubis?
when is it located at the umbilicus?
at 12 weeks
at 20 weeks
moves about 1 cm per week up until 28 weeks. (28 cm)
what are the warning signs before syncope occurs
sweating
nausea
yawning
describe the physiological changes in pregnacy that lead to UTI
relaxation of the urinary sphincter and bladder (both smooth muscles) inadequate emptying of bladder and decreased pH of vagina
what does the fetus do to the appendix
it pushes it upward and posterior
what is true anemia in pregnacy
HgB below 10
what is ptyalism
increased saliva production
what is lumbar lordosis
anterior convexity of the lumbar spine
Epulis gravidarum
lesions at the gum line that bleed easily
pyrosis
reflux of the stomach content into the esophagus
Pruritis gravidarum
severe itching due to stasis of bile in the liver
what two hormones alter the maternal metabolism during pregnacy
thyrotropin
adrenotropin
awhat does thyrotropin do
acts on the thyroid gland to increase BMR
adrenotropin
acts on the adrenal gland to increase fluid retention by the kidneys
The uterus produces prostaglandins in which part?
the decidua
what does the increased estrogen of pregnacy do to the nose? how is it treated
causes rhinitis (stuffiness)
Increase fluid intake to mobilize the mucus
what vitamin helps decrease the chance of premature ROM
vitamin C. as vit C decreases the rate of degradation of cervical collagen increases causing the cervix to ripen easily promoting effacement and dilation
neonate complications of Chlamydia
ophthalmia neonatorum and neonatal pneumonia
