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OB > Comprehensive > Flashcards

Comprehensive Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal resuscitation

A
  1. Left lateral position (increases blood flow to uterus, right does not)
  2. Increase IV rate
  3. O2 8-10 L
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2
Q

What are strawberry hemangiomas

A

Elevated areas formed by immature capillaries that will disappear over time

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3
Q

What are port wine stains

A

Deep, dark red areas that require laser therapy to remove

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4
Q

What’s a nonpharmacologic intervention for cracked nipples from breastfeeding

A

Warm, moist tea bags because of the tannic acid in the tea. Don’t put anything else other then breast milk on the nipples.

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5
Q

Colors of amniotic fluid and what they mean

Light yellow/clear
Green
Strong yellowish

A

Normal color

Meconium stained

Erythroblastosis fetalis (from bilirubin and hemolyzed rbcs)

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6
Q

What are the complications for a neonate born to a mother with chlamydia

A

Conjunctivitis and pneumonia

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7
Q

What is the harlequin sign

A

Benign. (Doesn’t need treatment) color change in which half of the body blanches and the other side is red

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8
Q

Elements of biophysical profile

A
  1. Fetal HR reactivity (using NST)
  2. Breathing movement
  3. Total gross movement
  4. Tone
  5. Amniotic fluid volume
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9
Q

what does a hysterosalpingogram test

A
  1. endocervical canal (area between external os and internal os)
  2. uterine cavity
  3. fallopian tubes
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10
Q

Clomiphene citrate action

A

increase FSH and LH to promote fertility

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11
Q

Menstrual cycle phases

A
  1. Menstrual phase (day 1-6)
  2. Follicular Phase (day 6-13)
  3. Ovulation Phase (day 14)
  4. Secretory phase/Luteal phase (day 15-26)
  5. Ischemic phase (27-28)
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12
Q

Explain the cycle of amniotic fluid

A
  1. first appears around 3 weeks
  2. approximately 30 mL at 10 weeks
  3. 800 mL by 24 weeks and remains stable
  4. slight decrease as pregnancy reaches term
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13
Q

function of amniotic fluid

A
  1. symmetrical fetal growth
  2. prevents mechanical injury
  3. prevents adherence of the amnion to the fetus
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14
Q

what is a major fetal development during 16 weeks gestation

A

teeth develop

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15
Q

what stimulates the release of prolactin

A

after birth there is an abrupt decrease in estrogen which stimulates prolactin

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16
Q

what are the two layers of the amniotic sac called

A

the inner membrane is called the amnion and contains amniotic fluid. this develops from the ectoderm.
The outer is called the chorion this develops from the trophoblast

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17
Q

before 8 weeks what do you call a unborn baby.

A

it is an embryo and becomes a fetus

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18
Q

what is Gamete intrafallopian transfer

A

when the sperm and oocyte are mixed outside the womans body and placed into the fallopian tube via laparoscopy

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19
Q

what is an endometrial biopsy used for

A

test the endometriums resposne to progesterone

20
Q

what is a Serum FSH analysis used to test for

A

assess ovarian function

21
Q

what factors are gonadotoxins? (effect sperm production)

A
  1. heat of the testes
  2. calcium channel blockers
  3. infection within the last 3 months
22
Q

what is folic acid supplementation used for in pregnacy?

A

decrease the incidence of neural tube defects

23
Q

what is supine hypotension

A

when pregnant women are in supine position the fetus compresses the inferior vena cava decreasing blood flow to the heart leading to hypotension.

24
Q

what causes physiologic anemia

A

the increase in blood volume (by 50%) causes hemodilution

25
Q

why are pregnant women at higher risk for cholelithiasis

A

progesterone induced prolonged emptying time of bile from the gallbladder combined with elevated cholesterol levels.

26
Q

what is the main symptom of cholelithiasis.

A

epigastric pain follwing ingestion of a high fat meal. Usually resolves within 2 hours

27
Q

what is the main concern with smoking during pregnacy

A

low birth weight from IUGR due to hypoxia

28
Q

what is alpha-fetoprotein used for

A

high levels indicate neural tube defect.

Low levels indicate down syndrome

29
Q

when is the fundus located at the symphysis pubis?

when is it located at the umbilicus?

A

at 12 weeks
at 20 weeks
moves about 1 cm per week up until 28 weeks. (28 cm)

30
Q

what are the warning signs before syncope occurs

A

sweating
nausea
yawning

31
Q

describe the physiological changes in pregnacy that lead to UTI

A

relaxation of the urinary sphincter and bladder (both smooth muscles) inadequate emptying of bladder and decreased pH of vagina

32
Q

what does the fetus do to the appendix

A

it pushes it upward and posterior

33
Q

what is true anemia in pregnacy

A

HgB below 10

34
Q

what is ptyalism

A

increased saliva production

35
Q

what is lumbar lordosis

A

anterior convexity of the lumbar spine

36
Q

Epulis gravidarum

A

lesions at the gum line that bleed easily

37
Q

pyrosis

A

reflux of the stomach content into the esophagus

38
Q

Pruritis gravidarum

A

severe itching due to stasis of bile in the liver

39
Q

what two hormones alter the maternal metabolism during pregnacy

A

thyrotropin

adrenotropin

40
Q

awhat does thyrotropin do

A

acts on the thyroid gland to increase BMR

41
Q

adrenotropin

A

acts on the adrenal gland to increase fluid retention by the kidneys

42
Q

The uterus produces prostaglandins in which part?

A

the decidua

43
Q

what does the increased estrogen of pregnacy do to the nose? how is it treated

A

causes rhinitis (stuffiness)

Increase fluid intake to mobilize the mucus

44
Q

what vitamin helps decrease the chance of premature ROM

A

vitamin C. as vit C decreases the rate of degradation of cervical collagen increases causing the cervix to ripen easily promoting effacement and dilation

45
Q

neonate complications of Chlamydia

A

ophthalmia neonatorum and neonatal pneumonia

OB (8 decks)

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