Compounds, formulae and equations Flashcards
how to balance chemical equations
- write the equation in words
- put in all state symbols and chemical formulae
- balance the equation so there are equal numbers of each element on each side
You can make sure using a tally of the elements
Common acids
Hydrochloric acid- HCl (aq)
Sulfuric acid- H2SO4 (aq)
Nitric acid HNO3 (aq)
Phosphoric acid- H3PO4 (aq)
Ethanoic acid- CH3COOH (aq) This is the only weak acid on the list
Common bases
Sodium hydroxide- NaOH (aq)
Pottasium hydroxide- KOH (aq)
Calcium hydroxide- Ca(OH)2 (aq)
ammonia- NH3 (aq) This is the only weak base on the list
Acid definition
An acid is a proton (H+) donor
State symbols meaning
(s) means solid
(g) means gaseous
(l) means liquid
(aq) means aqueous
Common diatomic elements
H,O,N,F,I,Cl,Br
difference between strong and weak acids
Strong acids completely dissociate in aqueous solutions
Weak acid partially dissociate in aqueous solutions (it is a reversible reaction)
Base definition
A base is a proton (H+) acceptor
Types of bases
Metal oxide- MgO
Metal hydroxide- Ca(OH)2
Carbonate - Na2CO3
Ammonia solution- NH3 (aka NH4OH)
alkali
an alkali is a base that dissolves in water and releases OH- ions in aqueous solution
salts
all made from acids
a salt is produced when the H+ ions of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or NH4+
chloride
sulfate
nitrate
phosphate
ethanoate
acid and ammonia reaction
acid + ammonium —-> ammonium salt
NH3+ + H+ ——> NH4+
No visible change
acid + metal oxide reaction
acid + metal oxide —–> salt + water
2H+ + o2- —–>H2O
Solid dissolves
acid+ metal hydroxide reaction
acid + metal hydroxide ——> salt + water
H+ + OH- ——> H20
No visible change
acid + metal carbonate reaction
acid + metal carbonate —–> salt + water + carbon dioxide
2H+ CO3 2- ——-> H20 + CO2
effervescence
