Compounds Flashcards
What is the difference between elements, compounds, molecules and mixtures?
Elements are substances that only consist of one type of atom.
Compounds are substances where two or more elements are chemically bonded. Molecules are substances where two or more atoms are chemically bonded. Mixtures contain two or more elements, two or more compounds or a combination of elements and compounds.
What type of ions do metals and non-metals form?
Metals have a small number of valence electrons and become cations.
Non-metals gain electrons, and become anions.
What are ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds form when a metal and a non-metal combine. The metal becomes a cation, and the non-metal becomes an anion. The ions are attracted to each other and chemically bond.
What is the attraction called between two ions?
Electrostatic attraction.
What is the charge of ionic compounds?
They have no charge, so the ionic charges need to balance out.
What are covalent compounds?
Covalent compounds are formed through sharing valence electrons. Non-metals share electrons to form covalent bonds.
What are Lewis dot diagrams?
Used to show how elements share electrons by only showing the valence shell.
What is the process for naming covalent compounds?
The first element stays the same, and the second element turns into an -ide. Then, the prefix is added to the elements depending on how many atoms there are.
What are the prefixes 1-10?
1 - mono
2 - di
3 - tri
4 - tetra
5 - penta
6 - hexa
7 - hepta
8 - octa
9 - nona
10 - deca
What are the properties of ionic copmounds?
Metal + non-metal, transfer electrons, positive and negatively charged ions, solid at room temp, high melting and boiling points, high attraction, soluble, good electrical conductors in molten and aqueous states.
What are the properties of covalent compounds?
Non-metals, share valence electrons, no charge, solid, liquid or gas are room temp, low melting and boiling points, weak attraction, generally insoluble, poor electrical conductors, good insulators.
