Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What are the three subatomic particles, what are their charge, and where are they located?

Answer 1

Protons have a positive charge and are found in the nucleus. Neutrons are neutral and, in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus.

Question 2

What are atoms mostly made up of?

Answer 2

Empty space.

Question 3

What is the chemical symbol, the atomic number, and the atomic mass?

Answer 3

Chemical symbol is the letter(s) that represent the element. Atomic number is the number of protons in an element, and atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 4

What are isotopes?

Answer 4

Isotopes are members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 5

How do you draw the Bohr model?

Answer 5

The nucleus with the number of protons and neutrons in the middle, with the electron shells around it.

Question 6

What are ions?

Answer 6

Ions have the same number of protons and neutrons, but a different number of electrons. Elements either lose or gain electrons, becoming charged.

Question 7

What are cations?

Answer 7

When an atom loses electrons and becomes positively charged.

Question 8

What are anions?

Answer 8

When an atom gains electrons and becomes negatively charged.

Question 9

What are periods on the periodic table?

Answer 9

Periods are the horizontal rows on the table, and as you go down the periods, an electron shell is added.

Question 10

What are groups on the periodic table?

Answer 10

Groups are the vertical columns. As you move from left to right, and electron is added to the valence shell.

Question 11

What is the valence shell?

Answer 11

The outermost shell.

Question 12

What is group 1 on the table?

Answer 12

Alkali metals, which react strongly with water to form basic solutions.

Question 13

What is group 2 on the table?

Answer 13

Alkali earth metals.

Question 14

What is group 17?

Answer 14

Halogens, brightly coloured elements.

Question 15

What is group 18?

Answer 15

Noble gases, do not readily react with other substances.

Question 16

What are groups 3-12?

Answer 16

Transition metals.

Question 17

What are the metalloid elements?

Answer 17

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At.

Question 18

What are properties of metals?

Answer 18

Solid at room temp, shiny/lustrous, good conductors, malleable, ductile, high melting point.

Question 19

What are properties of non-metals?

Answer 19

Mixture of solids, liquids and gases, dull or glassy, poor conductors, brittle, not ductile, low melting point.

Question 20

What determines the reactivity of an element?

Answer 20

The number of electrons in the valence shell. The closer to a stable configuration, the more reactivity.

Question 21

What determines if displacement reaction will occur?

Answer 21

If the metal in the solution is less reactive than the strip.