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Chemistry Y10 > compounds > Flashcards

compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

chemical formulae

A

letters which represent the elements in the compound and numbers which tell us how many atoms of each element there are

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2
Q

example of chemical formulae

A

K2SO4

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3
Q

what are the elements with a 2 in their formula

A

-hydrogen H2
-nitrogen N2
-oxygen, O2
-fluorine, F2
-bromine, Br2
-chlorine, Cl2
-iodine, I2

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4
Q

what are compounds

A

they are substances which are made of two or more different types of atom that are chemically joined

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5
Q

what are the properties like in compounds

A

the compound has completely different properties to its constituent elements

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6
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

CO2 1 carbon, 2 oxygen

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7
Q

methane

A

CH4 1 carbon, 4 hydrogen

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8
Q

sulphur dioxide

A

SO2 1 sulphur, 2 oxygen

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9
Q

water

A

H2O 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

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10
Q

ions

A

is an atom/ molecule that has a different number of protons to electrons, so it has a different charge.

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11
Q

metal atom ions

A

need to lose electrons to gain full outer shells

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12
Q

non metal ions

A

need to gain electrons

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13
Q

hydrogen charge

A

+1

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14
Q

oxygen charge

A

-2

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15
Q

nitrogen charge

A

-3

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16
Q

fluorine charge

A

-1

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17
Q

relative molecule mass

A

it is a measure of the total mass of all the atoms in a molecule

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18
Q

what is relative molecule mass abbreviated to

A

RMM or M

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19
Q

how do you find the RMM

A

by adding all the Ar ( relative atomic mass) values in a molecule together

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20
Q

percentage composition?

A

the percentage by mass of an element in a compound

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21
Q

how do you work out percentage composition

A

% of element= Ar x number of atoms / RMM of compound

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22
Q

How are mixtures separated

A

filtration
evaporation
chromatography
distillation

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23
Q

distillation

A

used to separate mixtures of liquids that boil at different temperatures

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24
Q

method of distillation

A
  • solution is heated
  • the liquid with the lowest boiling point will boil first and evaporate
  • meaning it will be easier for the liquids to separate
  • this all showing that it has a low boiling point
25
Q

chromatography

A

is used to separate a mixture of substances that have different solubilities

26
Q

how do you calculate the Rf value

A

distance travelled by ink / distance travelled by water

27
Q

how does the solubility of the ink effect chromatography

A

the more soluble the dye id the further it will travel up the paper

28
Q

what does the Rf value tell you about the chromatography paper

A

the bigger the Rf value, the further up the paper the ink has travelled the value will never be bigger than 1

29
Q

method of chromatography

A
  • set up apparatus
  • on chromatography paper draw a line with pencil and a dot in the middle with an ink pemn
  • fold paper over wooden splint so the tip reaches water
  • take splint out and let it dry
30
Q

what colour would the chromatography paper be with an ink dot

A

blue and purple

31
Q

Separating mixtures with evaporation

A

heating the solution until the solvent evaporates and turns into gas leaving behind the solid residue

32
Q

filtration method

A
  • crush the solid using a pestle and mortar
    -put solid into beaker and add 50cm3 of water and stir well
  • filter the mixture into a conical flask using a funnel and filter paper
  • once all collected put in evaporating basin
  • place over bunsen burner until all evaporated
33
Q

what are the changes that could happen in chemical reactions

A
  • change colour
  • give off gas
  • get hot
  • get cold
  • give out light
  • make smells
  • form solids( precipitates)
34
Q

colour changes

A

A colour change might take place when two substances react. It can also happen when a compound is broken down by heating it

35
Q

effervescence

A

which a reaction in a liquid produces bubbles of gas

36
Q

precipitation

A

Some liquids react together to produce an insoluble solid. This is called a precipitation reaction and the solid formed is called a precipitate.

37
Q

temp change

A

Chemical reactions can take in energy or release energy, often in the form of heat. This causes a change in temperature.

38
Q

exothermic temp change

A

the reactants hold more energy than the products, so exothermic reactions release energy in the form of heat.

Exothermic reactions can be identified by an increase in temperature.

39
Q

endothermic temp change

A

Endothermic actions take in heat. So endothermic reactions can be identified by a decrease in temperature.

40
Q

reactants

A

they are the starting substances

41
Q

products

A

the new substances formed in a reaction

42
Q

what is the first stage in a chemical reaction

A

bond between the atoms in the reactants are broken

43
Q

second stage of a chemical reaction

A

the atoms re-organise

44
Q

third stage of a chemical reaction

A

new bonds are made between the atoms in the products

45
Q

symbol equations

A

uses the formulae of the reactants and products to show what happens in a chemical reaction

46
Q

how do you calculate percentage yield

A

actual yield / theoretical yield X 100

47
Q

balanced equation

A

is where there is the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation

48
Q

what charge are group 1 metals

A

1+

49
Q

what charge are group 2 metals

A

2+

50
Q

what charge are group 6 elements

A

2-

51
Q

what charge are group 7 elements

A

1-

52
Q

what is 1 mole - avogadro constant

A

6 X 10,23

53
Q

the mass of 1 mole of an element

A

is the same as the atomic mass of the element

54
Q

the mass of 1 mole of a molecule

A

is the same as the molecular mass

55
Q

moles equation

A

mass / Ar or Mr

56
Q

mass equation

A

moles X Ar or Mr

57
Q

empitical formula

A

simplest formula of a compound

58
Q
A

Chemistry Y10 (3 decks)

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