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PDDS > Compounding Exercise No 5 & 6 > Flashcards

Compounding Exercise No 5 & 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Raw materials and standard formula for Compounding exercise 5A:

A

White wax 50 g
White petrolatum, qs a.d. 1000 g

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2
Q

Compounding exercise 5A:
Dosage Form:
Method use:

A

Ointment
Fusion Method

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3
Q

Compounding Exercise 5A Raw materials percentage:

A

white wax - 5% w/w
White petrolatum– 95%w/w

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4
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5A
Procedure:

A
  1. Calculate the quantity of each
    ingredient
  2. Melt the wax in an evaporating dish on
    a steam bath.
  3. In a separate container, warm the
    white petrolatum until liquid in
    consistency
  4. Discontinue heating, and combine the
    two compounds.
  5. Stir the mixture until it congeals.
  6. Transfer in a suitable container.
  7. Label the preparation
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5
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5A is:

A

White ointment

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6
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
name is:

A

Sulfur OIntment

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7
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
API and use:

A

Precipitated sulfur- Fungicidal, antibacterial, keratolytic agent
Mineral oil - moisturizer, emollient

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8
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
Excipient and use:

A

White Petrolatum- vehicle

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9
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
Dosage form:
Method use:

A

Ointment
Incorporation by levigation

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10
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
Raw materials and standard formula:

A

Rx 2
Precipitated Sulfur 100 g
Mineral oil 100 g
White petrolatum q.s. ad. 800 g

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11
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
Procedure:

A
  1. Calculate the quantity of each ingredient
    for 5-gram preparation.
  2. Levigate the sulfur with mineral oil.
  3. Incorporate the mixture in white ointment.
  4. Transfer in a suitable container.
  5. Label the preparation
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12
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
DULCR:

A

Description: yellowish ointment with
characteristic sulfur odor
Use/s: Fungicidal, Scabicide
Label: Red label (auxiliary poison label)
Container: Ointment jar/tube
Remarks: Keep in a cool dry place away from
light where the temperature stays below
25°C. Keep out of reach of children

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13
Q

are SEMISOLID preparation intended for
external application to the skin or mucous
membrane

A

ointment

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14
Q

Ointment can either be:

A
  • Medicated or non-medicated (sulfur ointment)
  • Non- medicated (white ointment)
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15
Q

Ointments are used as:

A

Vehicle, Emollient. Protectant

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16
Q

Give the meaning:
Vehicle:
Emolient:
Protectant:

A

API is incorporated
Softens/soothes the skin
-protective barrier
- shields skin from moisture
loss

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17
Q

Ideal Ointments:

A
  1. Non-irritating
  2. Easily removed
  3. Non-staining
  4. Stable
  5. Non-pH dependent
  6. Widely compatible
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18
Q

Types of Bases:

A
  • Oleaginous base
  • Absorption base
  • Water-removable base
  • Water-soluble base
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19
Q

Oleaginous Base a.k.a.

A

Hydrocarbon bases

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20
Q

Non polar base

A

Oleaginous Base

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21
Q

Oleaginous Base characteristics:

A

▪ Anhydrous and insoluble in water
▪ Difficultly washable
▪ Best Occlusive
▪ Best Emollient

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22
Q

Oleaginous Base examples:

A

Petrolatum (white/yellow petrolatum, soft paraffin,
petroleum jelly),

White ointment, USP and yellow ointment, USP,
mineral oil

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23
Q

(decolorized/bleached
yellow petrolatum)
- preferred due to aesthetic
effects

A

white petrolatum

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24
Q

Yellow petrolatum is:

A

(Vaseline/Petroleum Jelly)

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25
Q

White ointment, USP formulation:

A

(White wax + White petrolatum)

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26
Q

yellow ointment, USP a.k.a.:
Formulation:

A

(a.k.a. simple ointment)
(Yellow wax + Yellow Petrolatum)

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27
Q

(Greasy and non-water washable)

A

Absorption bases

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28
Q

Absorption bases examples:

A

Anhydrous
w/o emulsion

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29
Q

absorbs aqueous solution →
w/o

A

Anhydrous

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30
Q

Anhydrous absorption base examples:

A

Hydrophilic petrolatum
Wool fat (anhydrous lanolin)

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31
Q
  • Hydrophilic petrolatum
  • Wool fat (anhydrous lanolin)

Components:

A
  • Hydrophilic petrolatum – white wax, white petrolatum, stearyl alcohol,
    cholesterol → 3x its weight of water
  • Wool fat (anhydrous lanolin) – cholesterol, esters and alcohols, nmt
    0.25% water
32
Q

w/o emulsion characteristics:

A

Emollient, minimal occlusive, not easily removed with water

33
Q

w/o emulsion examples:

A
  • hydrous wool fat (lanolin)
  • cold cream
34
Q
  • hydrous wool fat (lanolin)
  • cold cream

Components:

A
  • Hydrous wool fat (lanolin) – 25 – 30% water
  • Cold cream – white wax, spermaceti, almond oil, sodium borate
35
Q

Cold cream other term:

A

Galen’s cerate

36
Q

Brands of Hydrophilic petrolatum:

A

Aquaphor, Polysorb, Nivea Cream, Eucerin

37
Q

(Easily washed off with water)

A

Water-removable bases

38
Q

Emulsion bases (o/w type) characteristics:

A

water washable, absorb water, non-greasy,
non occlusive,

39
Q

Emulsion bases (o/w type) examples:

A

Hydrophilic ointments
Vanishing cream

40
Q

Hydrophilic ointment
Vanishing cream

Components:

A

methyl and propyl parabens,
SLS, propylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, white
petrolatum, purified water, can absorb 30-
50% w/w

water, humectant,
stearic acid

41
Q

water-washable base:

A

Water-soluble bases

42
Q

greaseless, “lipid free” , absorb
water to the extent of solubility

A

water-soluble bases

43
Q

Base used for incorporating solid substances (spatulation):

A

Water-soluble bases

44
Q

Examples of Water soluble bases with corresponding distinctions:

A

PEG ointment, NF – PEG 3350 (40%), PEG 400 (60%),
* PEGs with mol wt of <600 are LIQUID
* PEGs wit mol wt of >1000 are SOLID
- in between semi-solids

45
Q

PEGS:

A

stearyl alcohol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol –
ethanol base with 2% HPC

46
Q

Selecting ointment bases:

A

▪ Topical or percutaneous drug
absorption
▪ Desired release rate of the
drug
▪ Desire for water washable
▪ Desirability of occlusion of
moisture
▪Drug – base interaction
▪ Stability of the drug
▪ Characteristics of the surface to
which it is applied

47
Q

▪ Characteristics of the surface to
which it is applied:

A
  1. Skin type- dry, oily, sensitivity
  2. Location- hairy, moist
  3. Condition- inflammed skin,
    swelling, wound
48
Q

Methods of Preparation of ointments:

A

Incorporation of Solids (Spatulation/Trituration)
Fusion Method

49
Q

→By Spatulation, using mortar and
pestle
→Electronic mortar and pestle, mixer

A

Incorporation of Solids (Spatulation/Trituration)

50
Q

Method of Preparation

By melting together

A

Fusion Method

51
Q

Ointment are packaged in:

A

large-mouth ointment jars or tubes (well-closed)

52
Q

Standard sizes of empty tubes

A

1.5, 2, 3.5, 5, 15,
30, 45, 60,120 g

53
Q

Ophthalmic ointments typically are packaged in
_____________or ______________holding ___
g

A

small aluminum, collapsible plastic tubes, 3.5

54
Q

→Labels should indicate what type of ____ was
used

A

base

55
Q

Maxims to be observed when compounding
and dispensing ointments:

A

»They should always be homogenous, smooth and free from grittines
»They should never be dispensed if they have the slight evidence of rancidity or molds
»Ointments containing free acids, iodine, , mercury or
tannin should not be rubbed with iron or steel spatula on
account of chemical reaction with metal
» In removing ointments from the stock jar always scrape from the surface
. Digging into the ointment jar
leaves a greater area exposed, thus increasing
the possibility of rancidity, growth of mold and
water loss.
»Water-containing ointments should be of
recent preparation, dispensed in moderate amounts
in glass containers with good closures
»Use of spatula or finishing blade for the
sake of appearance and to avoid contact of the
ointment with the cap or liner
»They should be dispensed in opal glass or
porcelain jars or much better in collapsible tubes.
»Ointments on prescription are always directed
by weight

56
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6A raw materials and standard formula:

A

Zinc Oxide 250 g
Starch 250 g
White petrolatum 500 g

57
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6A:
name is:

A

Rx 1 – Zinc Oxide Paste

58
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6A:
API and use:

A

Zinc oxide- treats or prevents skin irritation like cuts, burns, or diaper rash

59
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6A:
Excipient and use:

A

starch- thickening agent and helps absorb moisture

White petrolatum - vehicle/base

60
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6A:
Dosage form:
Method use:

A

Paste
Incorporation

61
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6A:
Procedure:

A

Procedure:
1. Calculate the quantity of each
ingredient for a 5 g preparation
2. Using mortar and pestle triturate the
zinc oxide and starch.
3. Incorporate the mixture with white
petrolatum.
4. Continue triturating until congealed.
5. Transfer in a suitable container

62
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6A:
DULCR:

A

Description: Thick white paste
Use/s: It is used to protect skin from being
irritated and wet caused by diaper rash.
Label: Red (auxiliary poison label)
Container: Tube or jar
Remarks: Keep in a cool dry place away from
light where the temperature stays below
25°C. Keep out of reach of children.

63
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6B:
Raw materials and standard formula:

A

Rx 2 – Rosewater Cream
Stearic acid 18 g
Glycerin 3 g
Lanolin 2 g
Triethanolamine 1 g
Methyl paraben 0.18 g
Propyl paraben 0.02 g
Purified Water 75.8 mL
Rose water qs

64
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6B:
name is:

A

Rx 2 – Rosewater Cream

65
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6B:
Procedure:

A

Procedure:
1.Calculate the quantity of each ingredient for a 5 mL preparation
2.Place the stearic acid and lanolin in a beaker and melt at 60°C
3.In a separate beaker, add the glycerin, TEA, water and heat up to 60°C.
Add the previously melted preparation into the second beaker with
continuous stirring.
4.Cool down the mixture, add the parabens and rose oil and mix
thoroughly.
5.Transfer in a suitable container
6.Label the preparation

66
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6B:
Raw materials and use:

A

Raw materials:
Stearic acid: thickening agent and emulsifier
Glycerin: humectant
Lanolin: emolient
Triethanolamine: emulsifier and pH balancer
Methyl paraben: preservative
Propyl paraben: preservative
Purified Water: Solvent
Rose water: fragrance, anti-inflammatory and hydrating effects on the skin

67
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 6B:
Dosage form:
Method use:

A

Creams
Fusion

68
Q

Compounding Exercise no.6B:
DULCR:

A

Description: Smooth, white, semisolid
preparation
Use/s: Hydrating moisturizer
Label: Red (auxiliary poison label)
Container: Tube or jar
Remarks: Keep in a cool dry place away from
light where the temperature stays below
25°C. Keep out of reach of children.

69
Q

(can be used as sunblocks)

A

Pastes

70
Q

It has stiffer consistency owing it to the
large proportion of solid material, about
25 % of total preparation

A

Pastes

71
Q

Pastes exampels:

A

Zinc oxide paste
Lassar’s paste

72
Q

Lassar’s paste components:

A

Zinc oxide + salicylic acid

73
Q

are semi-solid preparations containing one or more
medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either
w/o or o/w emulsion type of base .

A

Creams

74
Q

CREAMS
are semi-solid preparations containing one or more
medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either :

A

w/o or o/w emulsion type of base

75
Q

(Compared to paste, _____are less greasy
and gives cooling effect)

A

creams

76
Q

may be extemporaneously compounded the same manner with ointments:

A

Pastes and creams

77
Q

Extemporaneous methods:

A

Incorporation and Fusion

PDDS (6 decks)

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