Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSW > Composition & Chemistry > Flashcards

Composition & Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five major chemical components of wine?

A

Water, Alcohol, Acid, Sugar, Phenolic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percent of wine is water?

A

Typically 80-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the primary type of alcohol found in wine?

A

Ethyl alcohol or ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are two lesser present types of alcohol found in wine?

A

Glycerol and methyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What component of wine gives it its body?

A

Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What six types of acid are found in wine?

A

Tartaric, malic, citric, lactic, acetic, succinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are ‘tartrates’ or ‘wine diamonds’ formed?

A

When tartaric acid reaches low temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of acid’s flavor is often associated with green apples?

A

Malic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are conditions that can lead to a drop in malic acid?

A

Warm climate, overripe grapes, the ripening phase, malolactic fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two ways of expressing acid content in wine?

A

Total acid (TA) and pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which pH amount is higher in acid content: 3.5 or 2.9

A

2.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two types of sugars contained in grapes in approximately equal amounts?

A

Glucose and fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the technical term for a simple sugar?

A

Monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What element converts simple sugars into alcohol during fermentation?

A

Yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the five types of phanolic compounds present in wine?

A

Athocyanins, flavonols, vanillin, tannins, reservatrol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which phenolic compound gives red wine its color?

A

Athocyanins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acidity also contributes to a red wines color. More acidic wines appear more ____, while less acidic wines appear more ____

A

Red, blue

18
Q

What color pigment are flavonols?

A

Yellow

19
Q

What can contribute to an increase in flavonol content?

A

Sunnier climates

20
Q

Which phenolic compound acts as a natural preservative?

A

Tannins

21
Q

Where do tannins found in wine come from? (List 4 sources)

A

Grape skins, stems, seeds, and oak

22
Q

Where do wines get vanillin from?

A

Oak

23
Q

Where do a majority of a wine’s phenolic compounds come from? (2 elements)

A

Skin and seeds of grapes

24
Q

Is red or white wine more rich in phenolic compounds?

A

Red

25
Q

What is the ‘verb’ for when phenolic compounds combine into longer molecule chains

A

Polymerize

26
Q

What is the term for polymerized phenolic compounds separated from the liquid of the wine?

A

Sediment

27
Q

Aside from the five core elements of wine, list four other components that can be found in wine?

A

Sulfites, aldehydes, esters, dissolved gasses

28
Q

Being exposed to heat or being open too long causes wine to become what?

A

Oxidized

29
Q

What is the molecule called that is the joining of acid and alcohol?

A

Ester

30
Q

What is the most common type of ester?

A

Ethyl acetate

31
Q

What is the most prevalent acid found in grapes and wine?

A

Tartaric acid

32
Q

What is another term for tartrates?

A

Wine diamonds

33
Q

What acid not found in grapes but often produced during secondary fermentation?

A

Lactic acid

34
Q

Which acid is both a minor component of grapes and a byproduct of normal alcoholic fermentation?

A

Succinic acid

35
Q

What is the typical pH range of most wines?

A

2.9 to 3.9

36
Q

Which compound found in wine is known for its health benefits?

A

Reservatrol

37
Q

What is meant by polymerization?

A

When molecules (such as tannins) combine into longer chains

38
Q

Oxidized alcohols are…

A

Aldehydes

39
Q

In the U.S., wines containing more than _____ ppm Sulfur Dioxide must carry a warning label

A

10

40
Q

What is the sugar called that remains in a wine post-fermentation?

A

Residual sugar

CSW (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions