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Composition Flashcards

1
Q

The main components of wine

A

water
alcohol
acid
sugar
polyphenols

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2
Q

Main alcohol

A

Ethyl alcohol aka ethanol

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3
Q

types of alcohol in wine

A

ethyl alcohol
glycerol and methanol
fusel alcohol

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4
Q

acid composes what % of a wine

A

0.5% - 0.75%

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5
Q

Most prevalent acid found in wine

A

tartaric

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6
Q

What kind of grapes will have the most malic acid?

A

underriped grapes or grapes from cool or foggy climates - malic acid decreases a grape ripens

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7
Q

_____ acid decreases as a grape ripens

A

malic

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8
Q

t/f: miniscule amounts of citric acid is found naturally in grapes

A

true

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9
Q

t/f: lactic acid is not found in grapes

A

true

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10
Q

what acids are found in wine?

A

tartaric acid
malic acid
citrus acid
lactic acid
acetic acid
succinic accid

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11
Q

fermentation acids

A

lactic acid
acetic acid
succinic acid

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12
Q

grape acids

A

tartaric acid
malic acid
citrus acid*
succinic acid*

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13
Q

total acidity vs pH

A

total acidity: volume of all acids
pH: combined chemical strength of the acids

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14
Q

wine typically measures between __ and ___ on the pH scale

A

2.9 and 3.9

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15
Q

the lower the pH the ____ the acid content of the wine

A

stronger

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16
Q

Which wine will be more acidic: wine with pH 2.9 or wine with pH 3.6?

A

2.9

17
Q

grapes contain roughly equal amounts of these two sugars

A

glucose
fructose

18
Q

why do all wines, even dry wines, contain at least some residual sugar?

A

grapes contain tiny quantities of unfermentable sugars

19
Q

What phenolic compound gives red wine its color?

A

anthocyanins

20
Q

name the 5 important phenolic compounds found in wine?

A

anthocyanins
flavonols
tannins
vanillan
resveratrol

21
Q

more acidic wines appear ____ in hue, while less acidic wines appear ____

A

redder / bluer

22
Q

yellow pigments found in white wine

A

flavonols

23
Q

why do white wines from sunnier climates have a more golden color than white wines from cooler (or cloudier) climates?

A

flavanols - a polyphenol found in white wine. quanity of flavanols decreases with sun exposure

24
Q

How are aldehydes formed?

A

oxidized alcohols that are formed when wine is exposed to air

25
Q

what are esters?

A

molecules formed from the joining of an acid and an alcohol

26
Q

molecules formed from the joining of an acid and alcohol

A

esters

27
Q

what is ethyl acetate

A

one of the most common esters found in wine

28
Q

Sulfur is useful as an…

A

antioxidant, antibacterial agent, preservative

29
Q

Other components of wine

A

aldehydes, esters, dissolved gases, sulfites

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