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Operative 1 > Composite Resins > Flashcards

Composite Resins Flashcards

1
Q

what are the ways to classify composites?

A
  • filler
  • handling
  • activation
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2
Q

what was the first tooth colored material used?

A

silicate cement

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3
Q

silicate cement was used in the

A

1870

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4
Q

silicate cement is

A
  • high solubility
  • severe surface wear
  • low mechanical properties
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5
Q

when was PMMA created

A

1940s

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6
Q

What is the current tooth color material that has been used since the 1960s

A

composite resin

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7
Q

PMMA was not the best because

A
  • poor wear resistance
  • staining
  • expansion / shrinkage
  • marginal leakage
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8
Q

What properties were improved with Compostie Resin from PMMA?

A
  • low thermal coefficeint of expansion
  • higher wear resistance
  • improve clinical perfomance
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9
Q

defintion of composite

A

material containing at least two components with distinct properties and that after blend have superior properties than the individuals

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10
Q

the resin matrix is reinforced by ____________ bound to the resin by silane coupleing agent and an iniator-accelerator

A

dispersed filler particle

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11
Q

Composites uses

A
  1. Tooth-colored restorative material (direct or indirect rest. technique)
  2. Bonding agents (filler may be present)
  3. Sealants (filled)
  4. Composite resin luting agents (cement)
  5. Resin-modified glass ionomer material
  6. Light-activated liner materials
  7. CAD/CAM blocks
  8. Resin endodontic sealers, etc.
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12
Q

what are the components of dental composite?

A
  1. Resin matrix
  2. Filler particles
  3. Coupling agent
  4. Activator-initiator system
  5. Pigments and other components
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13
Q

The resin matrix of the dental composite is made up of

***

A

difunctional monomers

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14
Q

Difunctional monomers have

A

2 reactive ends to allow cross-linking

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15
Q

what are the difunctional monomers in dental matrix?

A

Bis-GMA
UDMA
TEGDMA

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16
Q

What are the filler particles of dental composite?

A
  • crystalline silica (quartz)
  • Li
  • Ba
  • Al silicate glass
  • amorphous silica

Cry Lil BAlAs

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17
Q

filler particles of the composite are

A

Dispersed in resin matrix

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18
Q

What are the benefits of filler particles

A
  • reinforce the resin matrix
  • decreased polymerization shrinkage
  • decreased therm exapnsion and contraction
  • viscosity control
  • decrease water sorption
  • increased radiopacity
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19
Q

what is the coupling agent

A

silane

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20
Q

_______ allow a interfacial bridge between the resin matrix and filler

A

silane

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21
Q

the coupling agent silane allow for

A
  • better stress distribution
  • improves mechancal properties
  • decreased water sorption
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22
Q

the process of turning monomers to be converted to polymers is triggered by

A

free radicals

chemical activation, heat or light

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23
Q

for chemical or self cure what is the activator?

A

tertiary amine

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24
Q

for light cure what is the activator?

A

blue light

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25
Q

for chemical of self cure what is the initiator

A

Benzoyl peroxide

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26
Q

for light cure what is the initiator?

A

Camphoroquinone
(photosensitizer)
DMAEMA (amine

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27
Q

Polymerization inhibitor

A
  • prevent spontaneous polymerization
  • stop polymerizaiton from brief exposure
  • increases shelf lige
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28
Q

what increases the shelf life of composites?

A

Polymerization inhibitor

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29
Q

what are polymerizaiton inhibitors?

A
  • Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
  • Hydroquinone
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30
Q

what pigments are used in dental composite?

A

metal oxides

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31
Q

Opacifiers

A

Control opacity or translucency

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32
Q

what are the classifications of composites?

A
  • filler size and distribution
  • handling characterists
  • type of polymerization
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33
Q

what are the Classification by Filler Size and Distribution

A
  • macrofill
  • midfill
  • microfill
  • hybids( midi-micro, mini-micro, mini- nano)
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34
Q

Macrofill & Midifill Composites

A
  • not used as much today
  • prone to staining
  • filler poorly distibuted
  • large fillers
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35
Q

Microfill Composite

A
  • excellent finish
  • used in low stress sites and for esthetic
  • low mechanical surface(hardness)
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36
Q

Hybrid Composites : Midi-Micro Hybrid

A
  • first hybrid
    high strength**
    **     universal composites (ant. and post.)
  • improved surface finish
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37
Q

if you had a low stress of esthetic case what composite would be best to use?

A

microfil

people with micro lips get filler and it is esthetic

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38
Q

what is the newest composite?

based on filler

A

mini-nano

Nano New

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39
Q

what composite is not used as much today?

based on filler

A

macro and midfil

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40
Q

Mini-nano has
strength =_________
finish = __________

A
  • microhybrids
  • microfil
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41
Q

what composite has high strength and is a universal composite?

A

Midi-Micro Hybrid

42
Q

Hybrid Composites: Mini-Micro Hybrid

A
  • smoother finish than midi-micro
    * slighlty lower strength
43
Q

Hybrid Composites: Mini-Nano Hybrid

A
  • newest material
  • strength = microhybrids
  • finish = microfills
44
Q

what are the Classification by Handling Characteristics

A
  1. Packable (Conventional/Regular)
  2. Flowable
  3. Bulk fill
45
Q

Packable (Conventional/Regular)

A
  • medium viscosity
  • most widely used

Macrofill, microfill, hybrid, nanohybrid

46
Q

Flowable

A

* low viscosity (less filler)
* adapts better without handling
* many are not radiopaque

used for ging floor of class 2

47
Q

what type of composite is used at the gingical floor of class two?

A

flowable

48
Q

what is the issue with many flowable not being radiopaque?

A

hard to see recurrent carries

49
Q

Bulk Fill

A
  • helps aviod increment placement
  • NEEDS high output light
  • large size of filler
50
Q

Condensable Composite

A
  • high viscosity
  • handled like amalgam
  • NOT WELL ACCEPTED
51
Q

Why is condensable composite not well accepted?

A
  • fractures at the margin
  • changes surface texture and color match
52
Q

List the composite in order from high vicosity to low?

A

Condensable (high)
Packable
Flowable

53
Q

What are the classifications for Polymerization Activation

A
  • chemical cure
  • light cure
  • dual cure
54
Q

What are the advantages of chemical cure

A

bulk placement

55
Q

what are the disadvantages to chemical cure?

A
  • mixing (bubbles)
  • no control of working time
  • amine (not color stable)
56
Q

what are the advantages of light cure?

A
  • mixing not required (increased strength)
  • Aliphatic amine (DMAEMA) more color stable
  • better control of working time
57
Q

what are the disadvantages to light cure?

A
  • limited penetration < 2mm
  • retina damage (blue light)
58
Q

what is the order of polymerization?

A
  1. activation
  2. initiation
  3. propagation
  4. termination
59
Q

what happens in the activation stage of polymerization?

A

Activator converts
initiator into a free
radical

60
Q

what happens in the initiation stage of polymerization?

A

Free radical initiator
starts the addition
reaction

61
Q

what happens in the propagation stage of polymerization?

A

continued polymer
chain growth

62
Q

light cure variations

A
  • exposure time
  • tip size
  • distance
  • darker shades
  • filler size
63
Q

visible light is

A

electromagnetic radiation

64
Q

Camphorquinone maximum is at

A

468nm

teal/blue light

65
Q

____________________ (mW/cm2) is the radiant power
(mW) divided by the tip area (mm2

A

Irradiance value

66
Q

what are the types of curing units?

A
  1. Quartz-tungsten-halogen
  2. Plasma Arc
  3. Laser
  4. Light-emitting diodes (LED)
67
Q

Quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH)

A
  • broad emission
  • cooling system is noisy
  • hot (don’t touch the tip)
  • retinal damage
  • long time (30-60s)
68
Q

Plasma-Arc Light (PAC)

A
  • expensive
  • not portable, noisy
  • high radient power (3-5s)
  • broad emission
69
Q

Argon-Ion Laser

A
  • high radiance (10secs), rapid cure
  • expensive
  • produces several intense narrow emission peaks
70
Q

Light-emitting diodes (LED)

A
  • light weight
  • battery driven
  • long working life
71
Q

What year was LED introduced?

A

1990

72
Q

What are the ranges for the 3rd generation LED?

A
  • 390- 430nm
  • 440-500nm
73
Q

What are the light curing factors that reduce output?

A
  • degradation
  • tip contamination
  • sterilizaiton problem
  • infection control
74
Q

oxygen inhibited layer is _______ thick

A

15 microns

75
Q

Just-cured composite may have ________of the unreacted ________ groups to co-polymerize with
the newly added material

A

50%; methacrylate

76
Q

Older restorations will

A

*will fully cure over time
* do not have the unreacted methacrylate groups

77
Q

with older restoration repair strength will be ____ of the original restoration

A

50%

78
Q

Dificient polymeriation problems

A
  • marginal staining
  • microleakage
  • secondary caries
  • increased wear
  • disadaption
  • sensitivity
  • release of chemicals
  • enamel microcracks
    *bulk fracture
79
Q

Important Properties of Dental Composite

A
  1. Polymerization shrinkage and stress
  2. Wear resistance
  3. Surface finish
  4. Marginal infiltration
  5. Water Sorption
  6. Radiopacity
  7. Color stability
80
Q

The polymerization yields

A

shrinkage

81
Q

Due to shrinkage stress occurs at the

A

composite-tooth interface

82
Q

High the C factor ______ the stress

A

Higher

83
Q

C factor is based on the

A

bonded/unbound surfaces

84
Q

Failure at the interface =

A

reduced by effective bonding and lower C-factor

85
Q

With incremental placemetn C factor is

A

reduced

86
Q

with increment placement the c factor is decreased is the shrinkage also decreased?

A

NO

the stress is reduced

87
Q

The higher the filler amount the _____ the wear resistance

A

higher

88
Q

lower filler size = ______ surface finish

A

higher

89
Q

Marginal inflitration is decreased with

A

improvement of adhesive systems

90
Q

Lower filler amount, ________ water sorption = ____________ expansion

A

higher; higher

91
Q

BisGMA and TEGDMA: higher sorption as compared to

A

UDMA

92
Q

color change to composite after

A

2-5 years

increased with smoking, certain foods and drinks

93
Q

Adhesives systems: agents that bond ________ the restorative material (or luting
agent) to tooth substrate through an interface.

A

micromechanically
or/and chemically

94
Q

Acid etching

A
  • To remove the minerals from dental substrate
    ◦ Allowing the adhesive infiltration
95
Q

acid etch (more detailed)

A

micro-retentions on enamel and exposing the
collagen matrix

96
Q

Bonding(hybridization)

A

micromechanical interlocking
* Outer layer co-polymerizes with composite material (chemical union)

97
Q

In Universal adhesive the monomer is a

A

phosphate ester

98
Q

in Universal adhesive Chemistry game changer

A

0-MDP
Methacryloyoxy-decyl-dihydrogen-phosphate

99
Q

Mechanism of action : A phosphate
monomer that chemically interacts via ________ bonding to

A

ionic; calcium in hydroxyapatite

100
Q

What is the bonding procedure at UMKC?

A
  1. acid etch
  2. rinse (10secs at least)
  3. click VIvaPen and apply (air dry until glossy)
  4. Light cure for 10 secs
  5. Place composite

Operative 1 (15 decks)

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