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Operative 1 > Class 1 and 5 restorations intro > Flashcards

Class 1 and 5 restorations intro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major classes of dental materials?

A

* Metals and alloys
* porcelains and ceramics
* polymers
* composites

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2
Q

composites are

A

polymers with fillers

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3
Q

what are polymers elastomerics used for

A

impression materials

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4
Q

ADA has more than _____ specification for dental materials, intrustments, and equipment

A

10

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5
Q

in vitro

A

test in a lab (in glass)

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6
Q

in vivo

A

in live being

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7
Q

trying things that have been tested in ________ condition into _________ condition should be done with caution

A

vitro; vivo

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8
Q

what Class does amalgam rank by the FDA?

A

Class 2

in 2009 was moved from 1 to 2

1 =lower risk
3= higher risk

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9
Q

what class does the FDA rank composite, crowns, bridges alloys?

A

class 2

same as amalgam

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10
Q

what are polymer plastics used for

A

denture bases
sealants

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11
Q

the performance of ALL dental material depends on

A

their atomic structure

determines mechanical and physical properties

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12
Q

what are primary bonds

A

ionic, covalent, matallic

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13
Q

what are secondary bonds

A

hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces

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14
Q

Ionic bonds are

A

electron transfer between ions

one becomes postive, one becomes negativie

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15
Q

Ionic bonds are

bullets

A
  • non-directional
  • strong bonds
  • good thermal insulators
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16
Q

an electrostatic attaction of postive and negative charges is a ________ bond

A

ionic

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17
Q

What are examples of ionic bonds in dentistry?

A

ceramics and gpysum

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18
Q

Covelent bonds are where

A

2 atoms that share and electron

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19
Q

covalent bonds are

A
  • directional
  • low conductivity
  • water insoluble
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20
Q

where two atoms share an electron this is a _______ bond

A

covalent

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21
Q

Covalent bonds is a water _____________ bond

A

insoluble

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22
Q

what are examples of covalent bonds in dentistry?

A

water
glass
polymers
composite

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23
Q

metallic bonds are a

A

cluster of postive metal ions surrounded by a gas of electrons

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24
Q

metalic bonds are

A
  • non-directional
  • good conductivity
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25
Q

what are examples of metallic bonds in dentistry?

A

amalgam and gold alloys

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26
Q

phyiscal properties of material depend on

A

type of ATOM and the bonding present

dental: optic (color,gloss), thermal (conductive)

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27
Q

mechanical properties of a material is how the

A

application of force affect the properties

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28
Q

when a load is applied to a materal what develops in response

A

STRESS

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29
Q

stress=

A

load per unit area

measured in PSI

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30
Q

what is fracture strength?

A

how much stress a material can withstand before it breaks

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31
Q

what are types of forces/stress

A
  • compressive-pushing
  • tensile-pulling
  • shear- sliding
  • torsion- twisting
  • flexure- bending
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32
Q

what is the highest strength measure for most materials?

A

compressive

pushes atoms closer together

failure takes high load to occur

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33
Q

compressive measures the stress necessary to fracture a material by 2 ____________ forces directed ____________ each other

A

opposing; toward

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34
Q

Tensil measures the stress necessary to fracture a material by 2 ________ forces directed ________ from each othe

A

opposing; away

pull apart

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35
Q

what is the lowest strength meausre for most materials?

A

tensile

pulls atoms apart

failure occurs at lower loads

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36
Q

Shear force is typically,____________ strength between compressive and tensile

A

intermediate

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37
Q

Stress necessary to rupture a material by 2 opposing ____________ forces directed
toward each other but

A

parallel; not in the same plane

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38
Q

what strength is important for implant-bone interface?

A

shear (sliding)

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39
Q

what strength is not relavant to direct or indirect restorations?

A

torsion

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40
Q

what strength is used to place implants?

A

torsion

torque wrench

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41
Q

what strength is vital due to occusal load?

A

flexural

direct: amalgam and composite
indirect: everything that gets chewed on

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42
Q

____________occlusal contacts allows distribution of occlusal load across
maximum area

minimum stress

A

TRIPODIZED

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43
Q

Premature contact results in decreased AREA and

A

increased occlusal stress

pt force stays the same

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44
Q

strain

A

the DEFORMATION that occurs in a material when force is applied to the
material

45
Q

strain and stress are

A

interrelated

if you have one you willl have the other

46
Q

Elastic strain is ____________ distortion of material by
applied force

A

temporary

ability to bounce back

below elastic limit

47
Q

what strain is below the elastic limit?

A

elastic

48
Q

what strain is above the elastic limit?

A

plastic

49
Q

Amalgam Can be placed in its ____________ state and carved before it hardens

A

plastic

50
Q

Amalgam has exellent physical properties that are

A
  • strong
  • predictable
  • self-sealing
51
Q

the self sealing proterties of amalgam cause

A

an effective barrier against recurrent caries

due to corrosion over time

52
Q

what elements is almalgam made of?

A

* Ag
* Sn
* Cu
* Zn

53
Q

what is the element makes of the most percentage of Amalgam Alloy?

A

Ag 70%

54
Q

What elements principal function is Amalgam Alloy is strength?

A

main is Silver(Ag) 70%
Copper (Cu) 13%

55
Q

What elements principal function is Amalgam Alloy is expansion?

A

(Sn) Tin

makes up 16%

56
Q

What elements principal function is Amalgam Alloy is deoxidizer

A

Zinc (Zn)

makes up 1%

57
Q

plastic strain is ____________ distortion of a material by applied force

A

PERMANENT

beyond elastic limit

58
Q

biological response of material is when

A

it comes in contact with the human body

ex, gingivitis from plaque

59
Q

amalgam is mixed with mercury so that

A

it can be packed into the dental preperation

makes it some what of a liquid

60
Q

high cooper elminates the

important

A

gamma-2 phase

the weakest phase

results in stronger restoration

61
Q

at umkc we use ________ amalgam

A

admixed

also is HIGH COPPPER

62
Q

what is the weakest phase of amalgam?

A

Gamma-2

63
Q

how long does it take for amalgam to fully set?

A

24 hour

64
Q

What is the most commonly used type of amalgam?

A

Admixed

65
Q

Admixed amalgam

A
  • most common used
  • low early strength
  • requires more condenstation force
66
Q

Admixed amalgam is ________ particels mixed with small spheres

A

Lathe

67
Q

what is the most critical variable to amalgam manipulation?

A

condensation

68
Q

What is the most common error made by dentists?

A

undercondenstation

69
Q

________ mercury in the final restoration is superior

A

Less

better strength and corrosion resistance

70
Q

Trituration

A

mixing the amalgam

71
Q

Merucury is bad, but

A

there is not enough in amalgam to cause damage

72
Q

amalgam has ________ compressive strength and _________ tensile strength

A

high; low

73
Q

Can you use amalgam when moisture control is difficult?

A

yes

it make expand out of the prep but you can wipe this off and keep the rest packed

74
Q

Amalgam creates and ____________ a seal between itself and the
tooth

A

regenerates

75
Q

what are disadvantages to amalgam?

A
  1. Poor esthetics.
  2. Need for good mercury hygiene.
  3. Remove more tooth structure for adequate bulk of material.
  4. Doesn’t bond to tooth structure.
  5. Thermal conductor, necessitating use of a liner or base to prevent post-
    op sensitivity on deeper restorations.
  6. Eventually may “ditch” at the margins, collecting plaque in that are
76
Q

what are advantages to amalgam?

A
  1. More forgiving in areas where moisture is hard to control.
  2. High wear resistance and compressive strength.
  3. Can be placed in less time than other options (lower cost.)
  4. Relatively long-lasting.
  5. Regenerates its seal.
  6. Is less prone to recurrent decay than bonded composite resin
    restorations.
77
Q

when can you use amalgam?

A

any time it is deep enough

gave long list such as class 1, 2 , and 5
heavy occulsal wear
high caries rate

78
Q

in clinic step 1: is to place a

A

liner or base in a deep caries

do not want in the margins

79
Q

dycal sitmulates

A

reparative dentin formation

used in clinic as liner for deep caries (amalgam)

80
Q

vitrebond

A
  • Light cure
  • Releases fluoride over time

dispense from “clicker”

used in clinic as liner for deep caries (amalgam)

81
Q

liner a _______ layer then base over dentin

A

thinner

82
Q

base is placed in a _________ layer of the floor than liner

A

thick

bases are thick

83
Q

Densensitzers

A
  • not generally necessary
  • may need in young teeth (large pulp)

ex. Gluma

84
Q

gluma advantages

A
  • no film thickness
  • one step to apply
85
Q

gluma disadvantages

A
  • EXPENSIVE
  • caustic to soft tissue or even pulp in deep preps
86
Q

Gluma application

A
  • apply to walls for 30secs
  • dry, rinse, dry again
87
Q

At UMKC we do not teach

A

the standard use of dentin desensitizers under amalgam

would consult with falculty

88
Q

If told by falculty to use a desensitizer (gluma) you would want to first

A

place a liner or base in deep preparations

89
Q

Dispense into amalgam ____________ and pick up with

A

well; amalgam carrier

90
Q

Steps to placing and Occulsal restoration

Amalgam

A
  1. Place amalgam
  2. Condense amalgam
  3. Pre-carve burnish
  4. Carve anatomy
  5. Refine restoration
91
Q

with amalgam you want to over fill the prep

A

1mm

92
Q

to carve anatomy use Use the Hollenback carver held________ to the margins

A

perpendicular

93
Q

Research suggests that a well condensed, well carved amalgam does not gain longevity from the

A

finishing process

94
Q

why can’t you polish amalgam right away?

A

it is not fully set

must be 24 hour

95
Q

when polishing amalgam you shoud be able to obtian a smooth surface in

A

a few seconds

in not it was too rough and you need to restart finishing

96
Q

Steps for Composite Restoration

A
  1. Etch 20 sec, rinse
  2. Place bond, gently air dry, light cure
  3. Place composite increment, condense,
    light cure, repeat until prep is filled
  4. Create anatomy, finish occlusal
    surface, light cure
  5. Assess occlusion, refine restoration
  6. Polish
97
Q

with composite it needs to be

A

etched and light cured

98
Q

which has more steps composite of amalgam?

A

composite resin

99
Q

composite can

A

pull back

gets stuck to the condenser

100
Q

________ affects your composite restoration

A

LIGHT

101
Q

when should you create the anatomy for a composite restoration?

A

before curing

102
Q

how long does it take composite to set?

A

once cured it is fully set

can polish at same appt

103
Q

for composite majority of finishing shoud be done

A

before curing

104
Q

we use _________ filling for composite

A

increment

105
Q

increment filling

A

curing as you go in small steps

106
Q

what is this?

A

optrasculpt

107
Q

advantages of composite

A

◦ Preparation can be more forgiving
◦ Esthetic
◦ Operator control of set up time
◦ Preserve tooth structure

108
Q

disadvantages of composite

A

◦ Restoration more technique sensitive
◦ Additional steps
◦ May not last as long
◦ Not as strong
◦ No moisture tolerance

Operative 1 (15 decks)

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