Components/Stores

Question 1

beaches found

Answer 1

mostly sand and shingle, backwash limited to transport material so with uneven surface there’s little erosion

Question 2

sand

Answer 2

produces gentle slope, small particles so compact when wet allowing little percolation

Question 3

shingle

Answer 3

make up whole/upper parts, larger size material so steeper gradient as water rapidly percolates

Question 4

cusps

Answer 4

semi-circular shaped depressions that occur at junction of shingle and sand beaches

Question 5

spits

Answer 5

an elongated, narrow ridge of land that has one end joined to mainland and projects across sea/estuary, composed of sand and shingle

Question 6

coastal sand dunes

Answer 6

accumulations of sand shaped into mounds by the wind

Question 7

what process mostly moves sand inland

Answer 7

saltation

Question 8

tombolo

Answer 8

a spit that joins an island to the mainland

Question 9

offshore bar

Answer 9

where a ridge of beach material that remains semi-submerged accumulates seaward of the breaker zone

Question 10

estuarine landscapes

Answer 10

where the sea meets a river, mudflats and salt marshes are produced

Question 11

diversity of characteristics coastal landscapes where land meets the sea includes

Answer 11

bays, estuaries, beaches, deltas, dunes, mudflats and saltmarshes

Question 12

why are coastal landscapes dynamic

Answer 12

there are large and ever-changing amounts of energy available from wind-driven waves, tides and currents so constantly changing

Question 13

factors during the Holocene that caused today’s coastal landscape

Answer 13

local tectonic processes, sea level change, climatic change, changing ocean currents/wave regimes, natural disasters, changing sources/types/amounts of sediment, changing nature of human activity

Question 14

coastal outputs from the system

Answer 14

sediment above tidal limit (lost via wind or gravity)
sediment removed beyond local sediment cell- into neighbouring ones via transportation at time of high energy
dissipation of wave energy- lost energy

Question 15

wave-cut platform

Answer 15

a gently sloping (<5’) relatively smooth, marine platform caused by abrasion at the base of a cliff

Question 16

eustatic change

Answer 16

a global change in sea level as a result of an actual fall/rise in the level of the sea itself

Question 17

fjord

Answer 17

former glacial valley drowned by rising sea levels

Question 18

isostatic change

Answer 18

local changes in sea level resulting from the land rising/falling relative to the sea

Question 19

raised beaches

Answer 19

areas of former wave-cut platforms and their beaches which are at a level higher than the present sea level

Question 20

ria

Answer 20

former river valley drowned by rising sea levels

Question 21

flocculation

Answer 21

clay particles join and form heavier particles which sink to the bed- during the formation of mudflats

Question 22

blowouts

Answer 22

when areas of sand dunes are funnelled out by winds removing sand, form where fragile sand dunes have their vegetation cover destroyed by grazing animals/human activity

Question 23

dune slacks

Answer 23

low lying depressions between the foredunes and main dunes which reach down to the water table

Question 24

main processes in the formation of sand dunes

Answer 24

saltation and creep

Question 25

ridges

Answer 25

sequence of dunes parallel to coastline

Question 26

halosere

Answer 26

process of vegetation succession that forms salt marshes

Question 27

Dalmatian coasts

Answer 27

where rivers flow parallel to the coast