Coastal Management

Question 1

4 defence options

Answer 1

hold the line
do nothing but monitor
retreat the line
advance the line

Question 2

soft engineering

Answer 2

working with nature allowing natural process of erosion to occur and using natural systems for coastal defence so we manipulate/maintain without changing fundamental structures

Question 3

hard engineering

Answer 3

working against nature using capital investment to make a physical change to the coastal landscape with resistant materials for protection

Question 4

disadvantages of hard engineering

Answer 4

expensive to build/maintain
defence in one place have serious consequences for another area
eyesore and disrupting natural habitats

Question 5

Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs)

Answer 5

22 along UK coastline, designed to identify most sustainable approach to managing flood/coastal erosion risks, plan short term (0-20yrs), medium term (20-50) and long term (50-100)

Question 6

ICZM

Answer 6

originated from UN Earth Summit with guidelines set out in Agenda 21 documents released after

Question 7

ICZM aims

Answer 7

to contribute to sustainable development by employing a ‘ecosystem-based approach’ that operates within limits of natural resources and ecosystems

Question 8

MSP

Answer 8

European Commission launched a directive to build on/work alongside ICZM by adopting techniques employed by land use planners