COMPONENTS of the endocrine system!!! Flashcards
Where is the hypothalamus located?
small region of the brain
What does the hypothalamus contain?/control
contains several control centers for the body functions and emotions
What gland is the primary link between the endocrine and nervous system?
HYPOTHALAMUS
What is the hypothalamus responsible for?
Releasing hormones
Maintaining daily physiological cycles
Controlling appetite
Managing sexual behaviours
Regulating emotional responses
What is the Pituitary gland also known as?
master gland!!
Where is the Pituitary glad located? How big is it?
base of the brain, behind the nose!
attached to the hypothalamus
about the size of a grape
What two regions is the pituitary gland divided into?
anterior and posterior
What does the anterior pituitary gland produce and secrete? (6)
T. A. G
Thyroid, stimulating hormone, stimulates the thyroid to secrete its hormones
Adrenocorticotropic, stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete their hormones, principally cortisol (stress hormone)
3 of the …. Gonadotropic, act on the ovaries or testes to stimulate sex hormone production
What does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?
ADH, aka vasopressin- controls water balance and BP
Oxytocin, uterine contraction during labour and milk secretions for breast feeding
Where is the thyroid shaped like and located?
butterfly shaped organ
at the front of the neck, below the adams apple
What three hormones does the thyroid secrete?
T.I.C
Thyroxine (stimulates energy production in cells, which increases the rate at which cells consume oxygen and use carbs, fat, proteins)
Iodine (need to have proper levels in order for thyroxine to be produced)
Calcitonin (maintains normal calcium levels,)
When is calcitonin secreted? and HOW?
when thyroid detects high levels of calcium
stimulates the bone building cells to absorb the excess calcium and kidneys to absorb and excrete calcium
Where is the parathyroid? and how many are there? how big?
4 tiny glands on the neck!! as big as rice
What does the parathyroid gland control?
the body’s calcium levels
HOW does the parathyroid gland regulate calcium levels?
acts as an ANTAGONIST to calcitonin
secreted when calcium blood levels are low
causes bone dissolving cells to break down bone and release calcium
Where are the adrenal glands located?
above the kidneys
What are the two parts of the adrenal gland?
adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
What are the two hormones that the adrenal gland secretes?
corticosteroids - group of steroid hormones produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone ) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)
What does aldosterone regulate?
reabsorbs sodium and water from the urine and excretes excess potassium
What does cortisol regulate?
increases metabolic rate using fat and protein for energy
What is the purpose of catecholamines?
important in the fight or fight response (stress)
What does epinephrine and norepinepehrine do?
Responsible for most of the adrenaline that circulates the body
Coping with physical and emotional stress
Increases the heart and respiratory rates and BP
What does the adrenocorticopic hormone do?
Released during times of stress
Targets the adrenal cortex and causes it to secrete cortisol
This then stimulates body cells to increase their energy production
What does aldosterone do?
Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium from the urine and excrete potassium
When sodium is reabsorbed into the blood, water follows
(ADH and aldosterone together)
Increases blood volume and blood pressure
Reduces the amount of salt and water lost through the sweat and salivary glands
