COMPONENTS of the endocrine system!!!

Question 1

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 1

small region of the brain

Question 2

What does the hypothalamus contain?/control

Answer 2

contains several control centers for the body functions and emotions

Question 3

What gland is the primary link between the endocrine and nervous system?

Answer 3

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 4

What is the hypothalamus responsible for?

Answer 4

Releasing hormones
Maintaining daily physiological cycles
Controlling appetite
Managing sexual behaviours
Regulating emotional responses

Question 5

What is the Pituitary gland also known as?

Answer 5

master gland!!

Question 6

Where is the Pituitary glad located? How big is it?

Answer 6

base of the brain, behind the nose!
attached to the hypothalamus

about the size of a grape

Question 7

What two regions is the pituitary gland divided into?

Answer 7

anterior and posterior

Question 8

What does the anterior pituitary gland produce and secrete? (6)

Answer 8

T. A. G

Thyroid, stimulating hormone, stimulates the thyroid to secrete its hormones

Adrenocorticotropic, stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete their hormones, principally cortisol (stress hormone)

3 of the …. Gonadotropic, act on the ovaries or testes to stimulate sex hormone production

Question 9

What does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 9

ADH, aka vasopressin- controls water balance and BP

Oxytocin, uterine contraction during labour and milk secretions for breast feeding

Question 10

Where is the thyroid shaped like and located?

Answer 10

butterfly shaped organ

at the front of the neck, below the adams apple

Question 11

What three hormones does the thyroid secrete?

Answer 11

T.I.C

Thyroxine (stimulates energy production in cells, which increases the rate at which cells consume oxygen and use carbs, fat, proteins)

Iodine (need to have proper levels in order for thyroxine to be produced)

Calcitonin (maintains normal calcium levels,)

Question 12

When is calcitonin secreted? and HOW?

Answer 12

when thyroid detects high levels of calcium

stimulates the bone building cells to absorb the excess calcium and kidneys to absorb and excrete calcium

Question 13

Where is the parathyroid? and how many are there? how big?

Answer 13

4 tiny glands on the neck!! as big as rice

Question 14

What does the parathyroid gland control?

Answer 14

the body’s calcium levels

Question 15

HOW does the parathyroid gland regulate calcium levels?

Answer 15

acts as an ANTAGONIST to calcitonin
secreted when calcium blood levels are low
causes bone dissolving cells to break down bone and release calcium

Question 16

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 16

above the kidneys

Question 17

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland?

Answer 17

adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla

Question 18

What are the two hormones that the adrenal gland secretes?

Answer 18

corticosteroids - group of steroid hormones produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone ) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Question 19

What does aldosterone regulate?

Answer 19

reabsorbs sodium and water from the urine and excretes excess potassium

Question 20

What does cortisol regulate?

Answer 20

increases metabolic rate using fat and protein for energy

Question 21

What is the purpose of catecholamines?

Answer 21

important in the fight or fight response (stress)

Question 22

What does epinephrine and norepinepehrine do?

Answer 22

Responsible for most of the adrenaline that circulates the body

Coping with physical and emotional stress

Increases the heart and respiratory rates and BP

Question 23

What does the adrenocorticopic hormone do?

Answer 23

Released during times of stress

Targets the adrenal cortex and causes it to secrete cortisol

This then stimulates body cells to increase their energy production

Question 24

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 24

Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium from the urine and excrete potassium

When sodium is reabsorbed into the blood, water follows
(ADH and aldosterone together)

Increases blood volume and blood pressure

Reduces the amount of salt and water lost through the sweat and salivary glands