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CHEM (Matter and Bonding) > COMPONENTS OF MATTER AND CHEMICAL BONDING > Flashcards

COMPONENTS OF MATTER AND CHEMICAL BONDING Flashcards

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1
Q

is anything that occupies space and has mass

•Can be classified into pure substances and mixtures

A

Matter

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2
Q

oComposed of a single component (atom or molecule)

oIt has a constant composition regardless of sample size and sample origin

oCannot be broken down to other pure substances by physical means

oFurther classified into two groups: elements and compounds

A

pure substance

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3
Q

oComposed of more than one component

oThese can have varying components in different phases of matter (combination or solid, liquid, or gas)

oCannot be separated into its components (pure substances) through physical processes

oFurther classified into three types: solutions, colloids, and suspensions

A

mixture

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4
Q

are the basic building block of all matter
•It is composed of subatomic particles

oElectrons, negatively charged particle

oProtons, positively charged particles

oNeutrons, neutral-charged particles

A

Atoms

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5
Q

The mass of an atom is concentrated on the _____ where protons and neutrons are found

A

nucleus

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6
Q

Electrons are found in the _____ rapidly moving around the atom’s nucleus

A

electron cloud

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7
Q

are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical reaction

  • An element is composed of similar atoms
  • Arranged in the periodic table

oThis arrangement can tell us about an element’s physical and chemical properties

A

elements

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8
Q

what are the three classified element turned into three groups

A

metals
non metal
mettaloids

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9
Q

are found in the left side of the periodic table
•Shiny solids at room temperature except mercury, francium, rubidium, mercury, and gallium
•Good conductors of heat and electricity

A

Metals

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10
Q

are found in the right side of the periodic table
•Can be solid, liquid, or gas. Solid nonmetals are dull in appearance
•Poor conductors of heat and electricity

A

nonmetals

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11
Q

are found along the solid line starting from boron(B) to astatine(At)

  • Properties of metalloids are intermediate of metals and nonmetals
  • There are only seven metalloids: boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), and astatine (As)
A

Mettaloids

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12
Q

is the combination of the mass of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus

oAtoms of an element with varying masses are taken into account in determining an element’s atomic mass

oThe atoms of varying atomic mass exist because of difference in the number of neutrons in their nuclei. These are called isotopes

A

atomic mass

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13
Q

Why aren’t electrons accounted for in the determination of atomic mass?

A

The mass of an electron is negligible (and effectively equal to zero) compared to protons and neutrons

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14
Q

is the joining of atoms in a stable formation

•

A

bonding

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15
Q

two kinds of bonding

A

oIonic bonds result from the transfer of electrons from one element to another

oCovalent bonds result from the sharing of electrons between two atoms

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16
Q

are charged species in which the number of protons and electrons in an atom is unequal.

A

ions

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17
Q

consist of oppositely charged ions that have a strong electrostatic attraction for each other

A

ionic compounds

18
Q

two types of ion

A

cations and anions

19
Q

are positively charged ions. A cation has fewer electrons (e-) than protons

•By losing one, two, or three e-, an atom forms a completely filled outer shell of e-

A

Cations

20
Q

are negatively charged ions. An ion has more e- than protons

By gaining one, two, or three electrons, an atoms forms an anion with a completely filled outer shell of e-
•The octet rule: a main group element is especially stable when it possesses an octet of e- in its outer (valent) shell
•Octet = 8 valence e-

A

anions

21
Q

are ions composed of more than one atom

A

polyatomic ions

22
Q

are crystalline solids that have very high melting points (NaCl = 801 oC) and extremely high boiling points (NaCl = 1413 oC)

•When dissolve in water, they separate into cations and anions. The resulting aqueous solutions conduct an electric current.

A

ionic compounds

23
Q

common ions in the body

A

Ca2+ is found in teeth and bones
Na+ and K+are found in all body fluids
Fe2+ is present in thehemoglobin of the blodd
CI- is present in the gastric juicesof the stomach and other fluids
Mg2+ is needed for nerve transmission and muscle control.

24
Q

common ions in consumer products

A

Barium sulfate, BaSO4, in visualizing the digestive system in X-rays

Sodium nitrite, NaNO2, prevents the growth of bacteria in canned goods

Sodium fluoride is added in drinking water and dental products to help prevent tooth decay.

Minute amounts of potassium iodide and other salts containing iodine are present in iodized table salt to ensure adequate intake of iodine in the diet

25
Q

result from the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

  • A covalent bond is a two-electron bond in which the bonding atoms share the electrons.
  • A molecule is a discrete group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
A

Covalent bonds

26
Q

are formed when two nonmetals combine, or when a metalloid bonds to a nonmetal.

A

covalent bonds

27
Q

How many covalent bonds will a particular atom form?

A

Atoms with one, two, or three valence e- generally form one, two, or three bonds, respectively.

Atoms with four or more valence electrons form enough bonds to give an octet

28
Q

shows the number and identity of all of the atoms in a compound, but not which atoms are bonded to each other

A

molecular formula

29
Q

shows the connectivity between atoms, as well as the location of all bonding and nonbonding valence electrons

A

Lewis Structure

30
Q

Steps in Drawing Lewis Structures of Molecules

A
  1. arrange atoms
  2. Count the total number of valence electrons
  3. Arrange bonding electrons and loan pairs.
  4. Use multiple bonds to fill octets when needed.
31
Q

How to determine molecular shape:

A

1.Locate the atom where molecular shape is to be determined.

  1. Count the number of groups around the atom
  2. Determine which groups are atoms or lone pairs
32
Q

is a measure of an atom’s attraction for e- in a bond

•It tells how much a particular atom “wants” e-

A

electronegativity

33
Q

A molecule as a whole can be classified as polar or nonpolar, This classification depends on:

A
  1. The polarity of individual bonds

2. Overall shape of the molecule

34
Q

Nonpolar molecules generally have:

A

oNo polar bonds

oIndividual bond dipoles that cancel

35
Q

Polar molecules generally have:
oAt least one polar bond
oIndividual dipoles that do not cancel

A

oAt least one polar bond

oIndividual dipoles that do not cancel

36
Q

acts on the muscle in the walls of the blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen

A

Nitroglycerin

37
Q

the principal component of thr blood other fluid is

A

H2O

38
Q

is a building block of the protein that composes heart muscle

A

glycine

39
Q

the protein hemoglobin in red cells hinds the covalent molecule___, and carries it through out the body

A

O2

40
Q

Elements will gain, lose, or share electrons to attain the electron configuration of the noble gas closest to them in the periodic table

A

bonding

CHEM (Matter and Bonding) (6 decks)

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