Chemical Reactions Flashcards
is an expression that uses
chemical formulas and other symbols to illustrate
what reactants constitute the starting materials in a
reaction and what products are formed.
chemical equation
the reactants are written to the
left
the products are written to the
right
show the number of molecules of
a given element or compound that react or are
formed.
Coefficients
states that
atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a
chemical reaction.
the law of conservation of mass
are used to balance an equation
coefficents
symbols used in chemical equatios meaning
—–>
reaction arrow
symbols used meaning (s) (l) (g) (aq)
solid
liquid
gas
aqueous solution
types of chemical reaction
- Combination or Synthesis
- Decomposition
- Single Replacement Reaction
- Double Replacement Reaction
- Combustion
- Reduction-Oxidation Reaction
two or more substances react to form a single product
Combination or Synthesis
a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances (elements or compounds)
Decomposition
•one element replaces another element in a compound
- more active element replaces less active element
- Refer to activity series of elements
single displacement
Reaction of a compound with excess oxygen in the presence of heat that results in the release of heat or light energy.
Combustion Reaction
2 types of combustion
- complete
* incomplete
Also called “clean combustion,”
complete combustion
Also called “dirty combustion,”
incomplete combustion
A common type of chemical reaction involves the transfer of electrons from one element to another.
•When iron rusts, methane and wood burn, and a battery generates electricity, one element gains electrons and another loses them.
Reduction-Oxidation Reactio
generates a small electrical impulse that triggers the heart to beat.
peacemaker
A reaction that can be made to go in either direction.
reversible reaction
A dynamic state in which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
equilibrium
When a stress is applied to a chemical system at equilibrium, the position of the equilibrium shifts in the direction to relieve the applied stress.
LE CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE
Each of these processes can be written as individual reactions, called _____, to emphasize which electrons are gained and lost.
half reactions
three types of stress that can be applied to a chemical equilibrium
- addition of reaction component
- removal of reaction ckmponent
- chang in temperature
’ sense when the heart beats normally and provide an electrical signal only
when the heart rate slows.
peacemaker
Such devices are called “demand” pacemakers, and they quickly
replaced earlier “fixed” rate models that continuously produced impulses to set the heart rate
at a fixed value.
peacemaker
is the oxidation of a hydrocarbon that produces only carbon dioxide and water
complete combustion
is hydrocarbon oxidation that produces carbon monoxide and/or carbon (soot) in addition to carbon dioxide
incomplete combustion
compound that gains electrons while csausing another compound to be oxidized is called
oxidizing agent
