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HEM/ONC > Components of Blood > Flashcards

Components of Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Components of Blood

A

Plasma, Leukocytes and Platelets, & Packed RBC

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2
Q

Non-cellular fluid portion of blood. Transport system. Represents approximately 1/3 of extraceullular fluid.

A

Plasma

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3
Q

Stem cell that all other cells evolve from

A

Hemocytoblast

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4
Q

Erythrocytes are regulated by

A

Erythropoietin

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5
Q

Erythropoietin is released by the renal tubules in response to

A

hypoxia or decreased RBC

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6
Q

Erythrocytes are reliant on…

A

Iron, B12, folic acid, B6 and thyroid hormone

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7
Q

The earliest identifiable form of a RBC. Found in the bone marrow. Eventually produces 8 mature RBC

A

Proerythroblast

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8
Q

RBCs contain a nucleus during the erythroblast phases, the nucleus is lost just before being released into circulation.

A

Nucleated RBC

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9
Q

Nucleated RBC in circulation is a bad sign and indicative of…

A

Person bleeding to death or having cancer (usually leukemia)

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10
Q

Immature RBC found in circulating blood. Larger than mature RBC and often contain fragments of ribosomes.

A

Reticulocytes

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11
Q

Number of _______ circulating should be equal to the number of ______ being removed from circulation.

A

1) Reticulocytes
2) RBC
(Reticulocytes are a good indicator of bone marrow production)

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12
Q

Reticulocytes have a life span of about ______ days and are typically removed by ______

A

1) 120 days

2) Macrophages in the spleen

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13
Q

Mature, circulating RBC that are bi-concave. These transport O2 from the lungs to the tissues of the body and transport CO2 from the tissues to the lung.

A

Erythrocytes

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14
Q

Binding protein for O2 and CO2

A

Hemaglobin

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15
Q

The ease with which hemoglobin releases oxygen to the tissues is controlled by

A

2,3-DPG

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16
Q

Left shift on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve indicates

A

An increased hemoglobin affinity to oxygen. It is easier to load oxygen but difficult to unload it.

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17
Q

A right shift on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve indicates

A

Shows a decreased hemoglobin affinity to oxygen. It is difficult to load the oxygen but easier to unload

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18
Q

3 types of granulocytes

A

1) Neutrophil 2)eosiniophils 3)basophils

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19
Q

Contain granules and respond to foreign bodies and bacteria. Account for most of the WBC in circulation

A

Neutrophils

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20
Q

When a patient is neutropenic it is because they have fewer than ___________. You would want to put them on?

A

1) 500 neutrophils

2) antibiotics prophylactically

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21
Q

Attack protozoa and helminths

A

Eosinophils

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22
Q

Become mast cells. Play a role in hypersensitive reactions (allergies, anaphylaxis)

A

Basophils

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23
Q

Basophils say we have a problem, and _____ come in and fix it

A

Lymphocytes

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24
Q

What distinguishes neutrophils in a blood smear?

A

Segmented nucleus

25
Q

What distinguishes eosinophils in a blood smear?

A 
Bright orange 
(Stain they use to dye is called eosin)
26
Q

What distinguishes basophils in a blood smear?

A

Granules

They are blue..called basophil because they take up basic dye

27
Q

Play a role in inflammation and initiating immune response

A

Monocytes

28
Q

What distinguishes monocyte in a blood smear?

A

Has a big nucleus that resembles an old school phone or kidney bean

29
Q

Unlike neutrophils, these can remain viable for many years. Function as part of the immune system.

A

Lymphocytes

Neutrophils live for 5.5 days, lymphocytes can live for 20 years

30
Q

Two types of lymphocytes. Differentiation occurs where?

A 
B lymphocytes (bone marrow)
T lymphocytes (thymus)
31
Q

1) Synthesize antibodies and provide humoral immunity
VS.
2) Destroy foreign cells and provide cell mediated immunity

A

1) B lymphocytes

2) T lymphocytes

32
Q

What distinguishes lymphocytes in a blood smear?

A

HUGE nucleus. This nucleus is usually the size of RBC.

33
Q

If lymphocyte and RBC are not the same size, the malformation is a result of which cell?

A

RBC

34
Q

Plays a role in hemostasis, inflammation, and wound healing

A

Platelets

35
Q

Found within each globin. Iron containing molecule which is capable of reversibly binding an O2 molecule

A

Heme

36
Q

Iron reserve

A

Ferritin. Stored mostly in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow

37
Q

The percentage of binding sites occupied by iron molecules

A

Transferring saturation (usually around 33%)

38
Q

Indirect measure of transferrin

A

TIBC

39
Q

Intrinsic factor required for absorption. A deficiency would result in a reduction of RBC production. If severe enough deficiency can have neurologic dysfunction.

A

B12

40
Q

Total number of RBC in a cubic millimeter of blood

A

RBC count

41
Q

Provides an indication of the O2 transport capacity of the blood.

A

Hemoglobin count (Hgb)

42
Q

Normal range for Hgb

A

Females: 12.3-15.3 g/dL
Males: 14-17.5 g/dL

43
Q

Packed cell volume, percentage volume of blood that is made up of erythrocytes. Usually 3x volume of Hgb

A

Hematocrit count (Hct)

44
Q

Normal range for Hct

A

Females: 36-45%
Males: 42-50%

**Men have more because women lose blood every month through period

45
Q

Average size of RBC. Useful in diagnosis of anemia.

A

Mean Corpuscle Volume (MCV)

46
Q

Normal MCV range

A

80-100 fL

47
Q

Number of leukocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood

A

WBC count

48
Q

Normal WBC values

A

4.4-11 K per microliter

49
Q

Normal platelet count

A

150-450 K per microliter

50
Q

Rate at which erythrocytes settle from the blood

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. High rate indicative of various conditions including inflammation, infection, and pregnancy. Low rate indicative of various conditions including CHF and sickle cell anemia.

51
Q

Wright stained blood smear

A

Allows for manual evaluation of blood. Looks at WBC differential and RBC morphology.

52
Q

If a lot of neutrophils are present, referred to as

A

“left shift”

53
Q

Variation in RBC size

A

anisocytosis

54
Q

Variation in RBC shape

A

Poikilocytosis

55
Q

elevated in anemia due to blood loss and/or hemolysis. If reduced in anemia, likely problem with RBC production (i.e bone marrow)

A

Reticulocyte count

56
Q

Anemia plus RPI >2 suggests…

A

hemolysis or acute hemorrhage

57
Q

Anemia plus RPI <1 consistent with decreased….

A

RBC production

58
Q

Indications for RBC transfusion

A

Symptomatic deficit in oxygen carrying capacity

1) Acute blood loss
2) chronic anemia –packed red blood cells

59
Q

When patient’s blood is mixed with donor blood (in lab) to evaluate for lysis and clotting rxns

A

Crossmatch

HEM/ONC (7 decks)

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