Components Flashcards
Fuselage: Component design features driven by loads/stress requirements:
o Skin/Stringers carry primary loads due to bending, shear, torsion and cabin pressure. Size is made as large as possible to limit splices
o Frames maintain shape of fuselage, spaced by windows, limit column length of stringers, act as crack arresters for skins, distribute concentrated loads.
o Interface frames and bulkheads provide support locations for wing, empennage, engines and landing gear interfaces
o Proper reinforcements of cutouts
o Floor driven by pressure loads and interface loads with interior
Fuselage: Critical Loading Conditions
o Cabin pressure & rapid decompression
o Flight loads
o Interface loads (wing, gear, engine, empennage)
o Sonic Fatigue
o Thermal
o Emergency landing
Fuselage: Hazards
o Bird strike
o Lightning strike
o Tire burst, rim release, flailing tread
o Engine fan blade off, rotor burst, APU fire, rotating machinery failure
Fuselage: Design and Construction Considerations
o Load path
o Steps and gaps on OML
o Protection of structure (environmental)
o Protective surface treatments (especially between metal and composites)
o Accessibility, inspectability, interchangeability
o Drainage and ventilation (for decompression)
o Fastener installation to ensure cabin pressure sealing
Wing: Component design features driven by loads/stress requirements
o Upper surface sized for wing compression/torsion (7000 series Al)
o Lower surface sized for tension and fatigue (2000 series Al)
o Min skin gauge considers lightning, tire burst and flutter
o Ribs maintain shape of airfoil, are space to optimize panel sizing and limit column length of stringers
o Spars take vertical shear loads and wing bending
o Sponson
o LE
o Winglette
o Proper reinforcements of cutouts
Wing: Critical loading conditions
o Flight loads
o Fuel pressure
o Interface loads (fuselage, gear, control surfaces)
o Emergency landing
o Flutter
o Thermal
o Walking loads
o Gear Breakaway (must not puncture fuel tank)
Wing: Hazards
o Lightning
o Tire burst, flailing tread, rim release, gear breakaway
o Bird strike (leading edge)
o EWIS - wire separation
o Rotor burst (catastrophic - not design consideration)
Wing: Design and Constructions
o Load path
o Steps and gaps on OML
o Protection of structure (environmental)
o Protective surface treatments (especially between metal and composites)
o Accessibility, inspectability, interchangeability
o Drainage
o Fastener installation to ensure joint sealing of fuel tank
o Fuel tank internal finish
Empennage: Component design features driven by loads/stress requirements
o Skins and stringers carry primary loading due to bending and torsion. Min gauge considers lightning and flutter
o Ribs maintain shape of airfoil. Spaced to optimize access panel sizing and to provide skin/stringer beam column fixity. Distribute concentrated loads
o Spars take shear, torsion and wing bending and interface loads
o Proper reinforcements of cutouts
o Boomerang Fitting and shear deck
o Horizontal actuator
o Duel load path for 650 on (due to Alaska air crash)
Empennage: Critical loading conditions
o Flight loads
o Interface loads (fuselage, control surfaces)
o Flutter
o EI & GJ stiffness requirements
o Sonic Fatigue (GII-GIV)
Empennage: Hazards
o Bird Strike
o Lightning Strike
Empennage: Design and Construction considerations
o Load path
o Steps and gaps on OML
o Protection of structure (environmental)
o Protective surface treatments
o Accessibility, inspectability, interchangeability
o Drainage
Control Surfaces: List
o Flaps (this is not a true control surface, but a high-lift surface)
o Spoilers
o Ailerons
o Rudder
o Elevator
Control Surfaces: Component design features driven by loads/stress requirements:
o See wing requirements
o Forced deflection of wing
o Aeroelastic stability
o Supporting structure for balance weights (weight + balance)
o G650 on: lug tolerance to prevent backlash
Control Surfaces: Critical Loading Conditions
o Flight loads
o Interface loads
o Pilot input
o Jam loads
o Forced deflection
o Trim tab
o Hinge line loads
o Ground gust
o Check-out loads
o Flutter
o Vibration loads (fatigue)
