Component 1 Topic 3 Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
Urbanisation is the growth of the proportion of a countries population that live in urban areas.
Which areas of the world (continents and emerging/developing/developed countries) had the highest level and rate of urbanisation from 1980 to 2010?
Between 1980 and 2010 developing countries in continents such as Asia and Africa were urbanising as a much faster rate compared to the rest of the world. This is because European and north American countries were already mostly urbanised at this point.
How has the level and rate of urbanisation change around the world from 2010 to 2020?
Once again during this time period developing countries in Asia and Africa will have the highest rates of urbanisation. Again this is because the developed world in the west is already urbanised.
How will the level and rate of urbanisation change in the future 2020 onwards?
In the future, once again developing countries in Asia and Africa will have the highest rate of urbanisation however North America will still have the highest urbanised population in the world.
What is a megacity?
A megacity is a city with a population of over 10 million people.
How has the number and location of megacities changed over time? Where are they and where has the greatest growth occurred?
Over time pretty much every current mega city will continue to grow but not by as much as the new predicted megacities. By 2030 there should be many more megacities in current developing continents such as Africa and Asia. The current megacities in Asia and Africa should also grow much more than current megacities in Europe and North America. In 2014 there was 28 megacities and by 2030 there will be 41 megacities.
What is a primate city (world city) – consider social, economic, political, cultural factors as well as facts about their population size?
A world city is a city that has a much bigger importance within the world than their size suggests, e.g. London is very small in size but has a huge importance within the world. London makes many political decisions that can affect people globally. London is one of the biggest financial centres in the world. London has the highest amount of air traffic in the world, meaning people are constantly travelling in and out of the city. Additionally world cities are usually the decision makers within tnc headquaters and big companies. This means they can decide what is produced, what to sell and where to sell.
Why is urbanisation happening so quickly in some places (2 factors)
Urbanisation is happening very quickly in certain places because there is an urge to live in cities where living standard is typically much higher. Another reason for an increase in urbanisation would be due to a natural increase in birth rate.
What is rural to urban migration?
Rural to urban migration is when people migrate from rural to urban areas due to many reasons. These could be, to find work or for a easier life where you are close to many services.
Give definitions and examples of push and pull factors
Push and pull factors are those factors which either forcefully push people into migration or attract them. A push factor is something that forces someone to leave their home such as a war. A pull factor is something that attracts someone to a new area or country such as a better standard of living.
Explain the reasons why cities in Developing countries such as Kampala (Uganda) are growing?
Cities in developing countries such as Kampala, Uganda are growing because there is better housing, better quality of life, better services and more job opportunities which pay more money.
Explain the reasons why some cities in Developed countries such as New York and London are growing?
Cities like new York and London are growing once again because there is better and more job opportunities, especially for young adults.
Contrast the growth in New York and Kampala – are there different reasons?
New York is growing a lot due to job opportunities and immigrants moving from overseas to take up jobs which require specific skills. Similarly in Uganda people are moving to Kampala because there is also more job opportunities however the isn’t much immigration into Kampala.
Explain the reasons why some cities in Developed countries such as Detroit/Hull are shrinking?
Cities that used to be very industrialised such as Detroit and Hull have decreased in population due to de-industrialisation. For example, the main source of employment in Detroit was in general motors but with cheaper alternatives overseas, and machines to do the work, people had to move out to other cities to find new jobs.
Define informal and formal employment
Informal employment is unofficial and unregulated by the government, where no records are kept. This means people who are employed within the informal sector do not have to pay tax however working standards are typically very poor.
Formal employment is official and meets legal standards for taxes and workers pay and condition.
