Component 1 Topic 2

Question 1

What is gdp?

Answer 1

The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year. It is a measure of wealth.

Question 2

What is birth rate?

Answer 2

The number of babies born per thousand of the population per year.

Question 3

Death rate?

Answer 3

The number of deaths per thousand per year.

Question 4

Fertility rate?

Answer 4

Average number of births per woman.

Question 5

Infant mortality rate?

Answer 5

The number of baies who die under 1 year old, per 1000 babies born.

Question 6

Maternal mortality rate?

Answer 6

The number of woman who die due to pregnancy related problems per 100,000 live births.

Question 7

HDI? (Human development index)

Answer 7

This is a number calculated using life expectancy, education level and income per head. The higher the number the more developed the country is.

Question 8

Why do fertility rates fall rapidly in emerging countries?

Answer 8

Fertility rate falls in emerging countries because woman gain more rights to work and have a free life where they do not have to spend time looking after children.
Woman don’t need to have as many kids in hope that one or two will survive because healthcare improves as a country develops.

Question 9

How can climate affect how developed a country is?

Answer 9

If a country has a poor climate (e.g. very hot, dry or cold) not much will grow leading to malnutrition. People who don’t have enough food often have a low quality of life.
People will have fewer crops to sell and therefore less money to spend on a better quality of life.

Question 10

What is topography and how can it affect the development of a country?

Answer 10

Topography is the shape of land.
If the land of a country is very steep it will be difficult to produce many crops. Steep land can also make it very difficult to build effective infrastructure.

Question 11

What is neo-colonialism?

Answer 11

Neo-colonialism is when richer countries continue to control former colonised countries indirectly.
This could be through using TNCs to exploit cheap labour and raw materials in poorer countries.

Question 12

Political problems caused by global inequalities?

Answer 12

Inequalities can lead to government instability, crime and discontent in poorer countries. Civil wars are likely to break out in developing countries due to this and poverty increases even more as money is used to buy weapons rather than to improve the country. Developing countries are often dependant on richer countries meaning they have less say on the global scale.

Question 13

What is Rostows theory of development?

Answer 13

1. Traditional society
2. Pre Take Off
3. Take Off
4. Drive to maturity
5. Mass consumption.

Question 14

What is Franks dependency theory on development?

Answer 14

This theory suggests that poorer, weaker countries (in the periphery) remain poor as they are dependant on the richer, core countries. It suggests that countries have remained poor due to neo-colonialism.
The core buys cheap resources from the periphery and then sells expensive goods back to the periphery.

Question 15

What is globalisation?

Answer 15

Globalisation is the process of all the worlds systems and cultures becoming more integrated. It happens due to the movement of people, cultures and money between countries.

Question 16

Why is globalisation increasing?

Answer 16

Improvements in transport makes it easier to and quicker for people to travel and communicate all over the world face to face. It also makes it easier for goods and supplies to be transported around the world.
Improvements in ICT make it easier for businesses around the world to communicate with each other.
TNCs link countries together through the production and sales of goods.

Question 17

How are governments increasing globalisation?

Answer 17

Free trade is promoted by governments making trade easier between countries.
Governments invest in TNCs and businesses all over the world.

Question 18

How does globalisation increase global inequality?

Answer 18

Free trade benefits richer countries as TNC profits often return to their headquarters in the richer counties, meaning the poor struggle to compete.
Richer countries benefit from free movement of labour - skilled workers are attracted to high wages and better living conditions in richer countries rather than the low wages in the poorer countries.

Question 19

What is a top down strategy?

Answer 19

This is a large and expensive development strategy where the decisions are often made and it is funded by governments and large companies. They are often very expensive and are very large projects (e.g. building hep dams). Normal people often have no say in the project.
Governments say top down schemes benefit everyone due to the fact that jobs will work their way down to the poor.

Question 20

What is a bottom up scheme?

Answer 20

A bottom-up scheme is a smaller and cheaper development strategy that is often run by smaller NGOs or local communities and charities. They are small in scale and always aim to help improve the quality of life for poorer communities. Local people always have a say and they are often involved in the labour and they learn new skills to help maintain the project.

Question 21

How has India’s economy changed since 1990?

Answer 21

India is getting rapidly wealthier. It has a HDI of 0.61. There are large inequalities in India because some people are very wealthy but the majority are very poor.