Component 1 Topic 1 and Topic 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the functions of the skeletal system
A
Protection of vital organs
Muscle attachment
Mineral storage
Blood cell production
Joints for movement
2
Q
What are the classification of bones
A
Short long flat irregular
3
Q
What is a joint
A
Where two bones meet
4
Q
What is the role of ligaments
A
Provide stability by connecting bone to bone and absorb shock
5
Q
What are tendons
A
Tendons connect muscle to bone
6
Q
Where are hinge joints found
A
Knee, ankle and elbow
7
Q
What movements do hinge joints allow
A
Flexion and extension
Plantar Flexion
Dorsi Flexion
8
Q
Where are ball and socket joints found
A
Shoulder and hip
9
Q
What type of movement does the ball and socket joint allow
A
Abduction adduction
Flexion extension
Rotation
10
Q
Where is the pivot joint found
A
Neck
11
Q
What movement does the neck allow
A
Rotation
12
Q
Where is the condyloid joint found
A
Wrist
13
Q
What type of movement does a condyloid joint allow
A
Flexion and extension
14
Q
What are cardiac muscle found
A
Heart
15
Q
What are smooth muscles
A
Internal organs and blood vessels
16
Q
What are skeletal muscles
A
Muscles attached to the skeleton
17
Q
What are the qualities of type 1 muscle fibres
A
Slow contraction
High resistance to fatigue
Low force produced
18
Q
What are the properties of type 2a muscle fibres
A
Fast contraction
Medium forced produced
Medium resistance to fatigue
19
Q
What are the qualities of type 2x muscle fibres
A
Fast contraction
High force produced
Low resistance to fatigue
20
Q
What are Antagonistic muscle pairs
A
Two muscles that work together to create a movement
21
Q
What’s the name for contracting muscle
A
Agonist
22
Q
What’s the name of the relaxing muscle
A
Antagonist
23
Q
What Are the four antagonistic muscle pairs
A
Bicep and tricep
Hamstring and quadricep
Gluteus maximus and hip flexor
Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius
24
Q
What’s the septum
A
Separates the right-hand and left-hand side of the heart
25
What’s the name of the valve on the left-hand side of the heart
Bicuspid valve
26
What is the valve in the right side of the heart
Tricuspid valve
27
What’s the role of the semi lunar valves
Prevent the backflow of blood
28
What are the three functions of the cardiovascular System
Transporting oxygen carbon dioxide and nutrients
Clotting wounds
Regulating body temperature
29
What is vasodilation
When blood vessels come to the surface of the skin and enlarge to return body back to normal temperature
30
What is vasoconstriction
When blood vessels at the skin surface close to allow blood to be taken away from the skin surface to prevent losing heat
31
What is stroke volume
The volume of blood pumped by the ventricles Each contraction
32
What is cardiac output
Volume of blood pumped from the heart every minute it’s calculated by multiplying heart rate by stroke volume
33
What is anaerobic exercise
Short periods of time without oxygen by powerful contractions
34
In anaerobic exercise what is glucose is broken down into
Lactic acid
35
What is aerobic exercise
Exercise with oxygen that’s converted into water and carbon dioxide
36
What is the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
Increased heart rate increase stroke volume and cardiac output
37
What’s the short term effects of exercise On the respiratory system
Increase breathing rate and increased tidal volume
38
Short-term effects of exercise on the muscular system
Muscle fatigue and increase muscle temperature
39
Long-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
Decreased resting heart rate
Increase number of red blood cells
Cardiac hypertrophy
Increased stroke volume
40
Long-term effects of exercise in the respiratory system
Increase lung capacity and volume
41
Long-term effects of exercise on the muscular system
Muscle hypertrophy
Increased strength of tendons and ligaments
42
Long-term effects of exercise on the skeletal system
Increased bone density
43
What are the health related components of fitness
Cardiovascular fitness
Muscular endurance
Muscular strength
Body composition
Flexibility
44
What are the skill related components of fitness
Agility
Balance
Coordination
Power
Reaction time
Speed
45
What’s the definition of cardiovascular fitness
Ability to work the entire body for a long period of time without tiring
46
What’s the definition of muscle endurance
Ability to work voluntary muscles repeatedly without tiring
47
What is muscular strength
The amount of force a muscle can exert to overcome a resistance
48
What is flexibility
Range of movement possible at a joint
49
What is body composition
The percentage of the body that is muscle fat and bone
50
What is continuous training
Training that develops cardiovascular fitness and involves at least 20 minutes of exercise
51
What is fartlek training
A form of continuous training that involves changing in speed intensity and terrain
52
What is interval training
Training that develops muscular strength and muscle Endurance
It has set periods of work and rest
53
What is weight training
A form of interval training structuring reps and sets that improves muscular strength
54
What is circuit training
Training that improves muscular endurance and cardiovascular fitness which also includes different exercises to be completed
55
What’s are exercise classes
Exercises including yoga and spinning that are very popular and develop a range of components
56
What’s the five principles of training
Individual needs
Specificity
Progressive overload
Reversibility
Training thresholds
57
What is individual needs
We are training meets the needs of an athlete this can be done by completing a PARQ and doing pre-fitness testing
58
What is specificity
We’re training related to athlete sport in position for example relating train into an athletes weakness by focusing on a component of fitness
59
What is progressive overload
Gradually increasing training by applying the Fitt principle
60
What is the FITT Principal
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
61
Why do athletes use performance enhancing drugs?
Fame, recognition, sponsorship, money and pressure.
62
What does doping do
Increases number of Red blood cells in body
63
What do analgesics do
Allows performers to compete on an injury
64
What do stimulants do
Improve concentration for longer
Increases energy
65
What do beta blockers do
Reduces heart rate and makes you feel calm
Steadier hand (no hand tremor)
66
What do steroids do
Reduces recovery time from injury or between training or competition
Increases muscle mass and muscular strength and power
67
What do diuretics do
Increases weight loss by losing body fluid (urine)
Hides use of other drugs
68
What does growth hormone do
Reduces recovery time from injury or between training/competition
- Increase metabolism to burn more fat
- Increases muscle mass and muscular strength and power
69
What does EPO do
Increases number of red blood cells
70
What is the consequence of doping
- Kidney failure
- Risk of HIV/Hepatitis from needle
- Blood clot risk
71
What are the consequences of analgesics
- Addiction
- Lack of concentration & balance
- Injury become worse
72
What are the consequences of stimulants
- Addiction
- Aggression
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure
73
What are the consequences of beta blockers
Heart attack
74
What are the consequences of using steroids
- Risk of liver cancer and organ damage
- Increased blood pressure
- increased aggression and depression
75
What are the consequencesof diuretics
- Risk of dehydration
- Kidney failure
- Risk of heart failure
76
Consequences of growth hormone
- Risk of joint & muscle pain
- Risk of swelling & retaining fluid
77
Risk of EPO?
- Thicker blood.
- Risk of heart attack or stroke.
78
What is a concussion
the sudden but short-lived loss of mental function that occurs after a blow or other injury to the head
79
What are the symptoms of concussion
- Headaches
- Dizziness
- Nausea/vomiting
- Seeing stars or having
blurry vision
- Unconsciousness
- Confusion
immediately after the
injury
- Temporary loss of
memory
80
What are the two types of fracture
Open and closed
81
What is an open fracture
where the broken bone penetrates the skin
82
What is a closed fracture
where the broken bone does not penetrate the skin
83
What are the symptoms of a closed fracture
- Bruising
- Swelling
- Deformity
- Pain, especially when putting weight on injured part of the body
- Unable to move injured part
84
What is dislocation
One of the bones at a joint comes out of place
85
What are the symptoms of dislocation
- Deformity
- Swelling
- Bruising
- Numbness
- Pain, especially when
putting weight on injured part of the body
- Unable to move injured part
86
What are soft tissue injuries
Sprain, abrasion or tennis or golf elbow
87
What is a strain
the muscle or tendon (connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone) is stretched too much or tears.
88
What is an abrasion
a layer of skin is rubbed off
89
What is tennis or golf elbow
Pain on outside (tennis) or inside (golf) of your forearm, near your elbow, which gets worse when you straighten your arm and pick things up (tennis) or flex, grip or swing (golf)
90
What is a sprain
When the ligament (connective tissue that attaches bone to bone at joints) is stretched too much or tears.
91
What are the symptoms of a sprain
- Pain
- Swelling
- Bruising
- Severe sprains can
cause an inability to move the injured joint.
92
What is a torn cartilage
Cartilage acts as a cushion at the ends of bones. A torn cartilage is where small tears appear in the cartilage. This is particularly common at the knee joint.
93
What are The symptoms of a torn cartilage
Cartilage acts as a cushion at the ends of bones. A torn cartilage is where small tears appear in the cartilage. This is particularly common at the knee joint.
94
What is rice
Rest ice compression Elevation
