Component 01 - The Human Body

Question 1

What are the names of the bone in the lower leg?

Answer 1

Tibia and fibula

Question 2

What is the name of the bone in the shoulder?

Answer 2

Scapula

Question 3

What is the name of the twos bones which run along the top of the chest?

Answer 3

Clavicle

Question 4

Name the five functions of the skeleton

Answer 4

Protection
Movement
Muscle Attachment for movement
Mineral Storage
Blood Production

Question 5

What type of bone are the phalanges?

Answer 5

Long bones

Question 6

What type of bone are the carpals?

Answer 6

Short bones

Question 7

What type of bone are the tarsals?

Answer 7

Short bones

Question 8

What type of bones are the vertebral column?

Answer 8

Irregular

Question 9

What is the name of the bone in the upper leg?

Answer 9

Femur

Question 10

What are the names of the bones in the foream?

Answer 10

Ulna and Radius

Question 11

What type of bone is the cranium?

Answer 11

Flat

Question 12

What is the name of the muscle group behind the upper leg?

Answer 12

Hamstrings

Question 13

What is the name of the muscle at the calf?

Answer 13

Gastrocnemius

Question 14

What is the name of the muscle group at the front of the upper leg?

Answer 14

Quadriceps

Question 15

What is the name of the muscles at the top of your chest?

Answer 15

Pectorals

Question 16

What is the name of the shoulder muscle at the top of your arm?

Answer 16

Deltoids

Question 17

What is the name of the muscle at the upper back?

Answer 17

Trapezius

Question 18

What is the name of the muscles at the side of your back?

Answer 18

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 19

What are the three main types of muscle fibre?

Answer 19

Type 1, 2a and 2x

Question 20

What does aerobic mean?

Answer 20

Exercise with oxygen

Question 21

What does anaerobic mean?

Answer 21

Exercise without oxygen

Question 22

Is aerobic exercise low or high intensity?

Answer 22

LOW

Question 23

What type of muscle fibre is likely to be stressed the most during low intensity exercise?

Answer 23

Type 1 - Slow Twitch

Question 24

What type of muscle fibre is likely to be used/stressed during high intensity exercise?

Answer 24

Type 2x - Fast Twitch

Question 25

Which joint has the greatest range of motion?

Answer 25

Ball & socket

Question 26

What is the antagonistic partner to the gastrocnemius?

Answer 26

Tibilias Anterior

Question 27

What is the antagonistic partner to the hip flexors?

Answer 27

Gluteus Maximus

Question 28

What is the antagonistic partner to the biceps?

Answer 28

Triceps

Question 29

What is maximum heart-rate?

Answer 29

220-Your age

Question 30

What is responsible for clotting the blood?

Answer 30

Platelets

Question 31

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood to the body?

Answer 31

Aorta

Question 32

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart?

Answer 32

Pulmonary vein

Question 33

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 33

Pulmonary artery

Question 34

Which blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?

Answer 34

Vena Cava

Question 35

What is an isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 35

When the muscle contracts but doesn't change length

Question 36

What is meant by vascular shunt?

Answer 36

When more blood is 'shunted' to the areas of the body that need it - working muscles during exercise.

Question 37

Vascular shunt - what is vasodilation?

Answer 37

When blood vessels widen to let blood through

Question 38

Vascular shunt - what is vasoconstriction?

Answer 38

When blood vessels narrow so less blood travels through

Question 39

Why do the muscles need more blood during exercise?

Answer 39

So more 02 is transported there so a performer can work aerobically So more CO2 is removed Heat is removed through the skin

Question 40

What is meant by health?

Answer 40

Emotional, physical and social well-being and not just the absence of disease

Question 41

What is meant by fitness?

Answer 41

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

Question 42

What are the three types of health?

Answer 42

Physical, emotional and social

Question 43

What is meant by the term 'voluntary' muscle?

Answer 43

Muscles that are under CONSCIOUS CONTROL - biceps, triceps etc

Question 44

What is meant by 'involuntary' muscle?

Answer 44

Muscles that are NOT UNDER CONSCIOUS CONTROL - heart, lungs etc.

Question 45

How do involuntary muscles support performance?

Answer 45

Heart - provides oxygenated blood to the working muscles Lungs - allows air/oxygen to brought into the body This being INVOLUNTARY means you do not have to do it and can concentrate on your performance

Question 46

What is a short-term effect of exercise in the muscular system?

Answer 46

Increased muscle temperature: This increase ELASTICITY, reduces risk of injury and provides greater range of motion

Question 47

What is a short-term effect of exercise in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 47

Increased Heart Rate, Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output: This means you can get more 02 to the working muscles, and remove CO2

Question 48

What is a short-term effect of exercise in the respiratory system?

Answer 48

Increased tidal volume, increase breathing rate: More O2 can be inhaled, more CO2 can be exhaled

Question 49

What happens to the amount of O2 between inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 49

Less O2 is exhaled as it is used for aerobic respiration

Question 50

What happens to the amount of CO2 between inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 50

More CO2 is exhaled as this is produced during exercise (anaerobic)

Question 51

Why is O2 important to a sports performer?

Answer 51

For Aerobic Respiration (ENERGY) To oxidise and remove lactic acid

Question 52

What happens if you cannot get enough O2 to the working muscles?

Answer 52

The exercise becomes anaerobic - lactic acid builds up and prevents muscles from contracting. Less aerobic respiration - less energy, you become tired.

Question 53

What is Tidal Volume?

Answer 53

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one breath

Question 54

What is Vital Capacity?

Answer 54

The maximum amount of air you can breathe out after breathing in as much as you can.

Question 55

Muscles always work in.............................

Answer 55

Antagonistic pairs

Question 56

What is it important for muscles to work in antagonistic pairs?

Answer 56

1) Being able to relax fully before contracting increases the muscle power produced 2) The antagonist acts as a break to stop the agonist becoming damaged during contraction

Question 57

What type of joint is the wrist?

Answer 57

Condyloid

Question 58

What movements are permitted at a condyloid (wrist)?

Answer 58

Circumduction

Question 59

What is circumduction?

Answer 59

A complete circular movement Conical in shape A combination of - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Question 60

Which blood cells carry O2 and CO2?

Answer 60

Red - haemoglobin

Question 61

Which blood cells fight disease?

Answer 61

White

Question 62

Which component of the blood clots it?

Answer 62

Platelets

Question 63

What is the role of blood plasma?

Answer 63

Transports nutrients Maintains blood volume Regulates body temperature

Question 64

What is tidal volume?

Answer 64

The volume of air you breathe in and out in one normal breath.

Question 65

What is vital capacity?

Answer 65

This is the maximum volume of air you can breathe out after breathing in as much you can (peak flow)

Question 66

Define health

Answer 66

A state of complete emotional, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Question 67

Define fitness

Answer 67

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

Question 68

Define exercise

Answer 68

A form of physical activity done to maintain or improve health and/or physical fitness. It is not competitive sport.