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CEC GCSE PE > Component 01 - The Human Body > Flashcards

Component 01 - The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the bone in the lower leg?

A

Tibia and fibula

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2
Q

What is the name of the bone in the shoulder?

A

Scapula

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3
Q

What is the name of the twos bones which run along the top of the chest?

A

Clavicle

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4
Q

Name the five functions of the skeleton

A

Protection
Movement
Muscle Attachment for movement
Mineral Storage
Blood Production

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5
Q

What type of bone are the phalanges?

A

Long bones

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6
Q

What type of bone are the carpals?

A

Short bones

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7
Q

What type of bone are the tarsals?

A

Short bones

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8
Q

What type of bones are the vertebral column?

A

Irregular

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9
Q

What is the name of the bone in the upper leg?

A

Femur

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10
Q

What are the names of the bones in the foream?

A

Ulna and Radius

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11
Q

What type of bone is the cranium?

A

Flat

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12
Q

What is the name of the muscle group behind the upper leg?

A

Hamstrings

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13
Q

What is the name of the muscle at the calf?

A

Gastrocnemius

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14
Q

What is the name of the muscle group at the front of the upper leg?

A

Quadriceps

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15
Q

What is the name of the muscles at the top of your chest?

A

Pectorals

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16
Q

What is the name of the shoulder muscle at the top of your arm?

A

Deltoids

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17
Q

What is the name of the muscle at the upper back?

A

Trapezius

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18
Q

What is the name of the muscles at the side of your back?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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19
Q

What are the three main types of muscle fibre?

A

Type 1, 2a and 2x

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20
Q

What does aerobic mean?

A

Exercise with oxygen

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21
Q

What does anaerobic mean?

A

Exercise without oxygen

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22
Q

Is aerobic exercise low or high intensity?

A

LOW

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23
Q

What type of muscle fibre is likely to be stressed the most during low intensity exercise?

A

Type 1 - Slow Twitch

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24
Q

What type of muscle fibre is likely to be used/stressed during high intensity exercise?

A

Type 2x - Fast Twitch

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25
Q

Which joint has the greatest range of motion?

A

Ball & socket

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26
Q

What is the antagonistic partner to the gastrocnemius?

A

Tibilias Anterior

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27
Q

What is the antagonistic partner to the hip flexors?

A

Gluteus Maximus

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28
Q

What is the antagonistic partner to the biceps?

29
Q

What is maximum heart-rate?

A

220-Your age

30
Q

What is responsible for clotting the blood?

31
Q

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood to the body?

32
Q

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart?

A

Pulmonary vein

33
Q

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

34
Q

Which blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?

35
Q

What is an isometric muscle contraction?

A

When the muscle contracts but doesn’t change length

36
Q

What is meant by vascular shunt?

A

When more blood is ‘shunted’ to the areas of the body that need it - working muscles during exercise.

37
Q

Vascular shunt - what is vasodilation?

A

When blood vessels widen to let blood through

38
Q

Vascular shunt - what is vasoconstriction?

A

When blood vessels narrow so less blood travels through

39
Q

Why do the muscles need more blood during exercise?

A

So more 02 is transported there so a performer can work aerobically

So more CO2 is removed

Heat is removed through the skin

40
Q

What is meant by health?

A

Emotional, physical and social well-being and not just the absence of disease

41
Q

What is meant by fitness?

A

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

42
Q

What are the three types of health?

A

Physical, emotional and social

43
Q

What is meant by the term ‘voluntary’ muscle?

A

Muscles that are under CONSCIOUS CONTROL - biceps, triceps etc

44
Q

What is meant by ‘involuntary’ muscle?

A

Muscles that are NOT UNDER CONSCIOUS CONTROL - heart, lungs etc.

45
Q

How do involuntary muscles support performance?

A

Heart - provides oxygenated blood to the working muscles

Lungs - allows air/oxygen to brought into the body

This being INVOLUNTARY means you do not have to do it and can concentrate on your performance

46
Q

What is a short-term effect of exercise in the muscular system?

A

Increased muscle temperature:

This increase ELASTICITY, reduces risk of injury and provides greater range of motion

47
Q

What is a short-term effect of exercise in the cardiovascular system?

A

Increased Heart Rate, Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output:

This means you can get more 02 to the working muscles, and remove CO2

48
Q

What is a short-term effect of exercise in the respiratory system?

A

Increased tidal volume, increase breathing rate:

More O2 can be inhaled, more CO2 can be exhaled

49
Q

What happens to the amount of O2 between inhalation and exhalation?

A

Less O2 is exhaled as it is used for aerobic respiration

50
Q

What happens to the amount of CO2 between inhalation and exhalation?

A

More CO2 is exhaled as this is produced during exercise (anaerobic)

51
Q

Why is O2 important to a sports performer?

A

For Aerobic Respiration (ENERGY)

To oxidise and remove lactic acid

52
Q

What happens if you cannot get enough O2 to the working muscles?

A

The exercise becomes anaerobic - lactic acid builds up and prevents muscles from contracting.

Less aerobic respiration - less energy, you become tired.

53
Q

What is Tidal Volume?

A

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one breath

54
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

The maximum amount of air you can breathe out after breathing in as much as you can.

55
Q

Muscles always work in………………………..

A

Antagonistic pairs

56
Q

What is it important for muscles to work in antagonistic pairs?

A

1) Being able to relax fully before contracting increases the muscle power produced

2) The antagonist acts as a break to stop the agonist becoming damaged during contraction

57
Q

What type of joint is the wrist?

58
Q

What movements are permitted at a condyloid (wrist)?

A

Circumduction

59
Q

What is circumduction?

A

A complete circular movement

Conical in shape

A combination of
- flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

60
Q

Which blood cells carry O2 and CO2?

A

Red - haemoglobin

61
Q

Which blood cells fight disease?

62
Q

Which component of the blood clots it?

63
Q

What is the role of blood plasma?

A

Transports nutrients

Maintains blood volume

Regulates body temperature

64
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The volume of air you breathe in and out in one normal breath.

65
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

This is the maximum volume of air you can breathe out after breathing in as much you can (peak flow)

66
Q

Define health

A

A state of complete emotional, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

67
Q

Define fitness

A

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

68
Q

Define exercise

A

A form of physical activity done to maintain or improve health and/or physical fitness. It is not competitive sport.

CEC GCSE PE (4 decks)

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