Complications of diabetes Flashcards
the majority of people with diabetes die of what cause?
(ischemic) heart disease
what is a critical step in the pathway to diabetic microvascular complications?
activation of PKC beta
non proliferative diabetic retinopathy:
pathology / pathogenesis
visual manifestation
fundoscopic findings
- retinal capillatires leak protein, lipids, RBC
- causes interference with visual acuity
- microaneurysms, blot hemorrhages, cotton wool spots
proliferative diabetic retinopathy:
pathology / pathogenesis
fundoscopic findings
- small vessel occlusion and retinal hypoxia
- stimulates growth of new capillaries and fibrous tissue within retina
- vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment
what are the ADA recommendations for prevention of retinopathy?
- dilated eye exam annually
- starting at 5 years after diagnosis of DM1 or DM2
what are the treatments for diabetic retinopathy?
- panretinal xenon / argon laser photocoagulation
- focal laser for macular edema
- surgery for retinal detachment
natural history of diabethic NEPHROPATHY
- glomerular hyperperfusion and hypertrophy, increased GFR
- thickening of BM, normalization of GFR
- microalbuminuria
- nephropathy
- ESRD
what is the treatment for diabetic nephropathy?
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
dietary
definition: autonomic neuropathy
dysfunction of the cholinergic, noradrenergic systems
has aggressive glycemic control been shown to reduce coronary heart disease in high risk patients?
no
