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Endocrinology > Complications of diabetes > Flashcards

Complications of diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factor for developing diabetic neuropathy?

A 
Length of disease
T1DM>T2DM
poor glycaemic control
Smoking
Alcohol
High cholesterol/lipids
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2
Q

What are the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy?

A 
Numbness
Tingling/burning sensation
Sharp pain/cramps
Sensitivity to touch
Loss of balance/coordination
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3
Q

What are the complications of peripheral neuropathy?

A 
Ulceration
infection
charcot foot (midfoot collapse)
Hammer toe
Amputation
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4
Q

What happens in focal neuropathy?

A

sudden weakness in one nerve

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5
Q

What can be a sign/symptom of focal neuropathy?

A

Carpal tunnel

foot drop

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6
Q

What happens in proximal neuropathy?

A

pain in leg/buttocks etc

Muscle weakness in thigh

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7
Q

What is amyotrophy?

A

assymmetrical muscle weakness

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8
Q

How does autonomic neuropathy present in sweat glands?

A

gustatory sweating

inability to control body temperature

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9
Q

How does autonomic neuropathy present in GI system?

A

Gastroparsesis
Constipation/diarrhoea
Dysphagia

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10
Q

What is the treatment for gastropaesis?

A

gastric pacemaker

motility agent

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of gastroparesis?

A

nausea
vomiting after meal
bloating

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12
Q

How does gastroparesis affect blood glucose?

A

Slow absorption

Fluctuating blood glucose

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13
Q

How does autonomic neuropathy present in CVS?

A

postural hypotension

prolonged tachycardia after physiological response

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14
Q

What is the name for diabetic nephropathy?

A

Kimelsteil Wilson Syndrome

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15
Q

What happens histologically in Kimelsteil Wilson Syndrome?

A

Nodular Glomerulosclerosis

Angiopathy of capillaries

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16
Q

What are the consequences of diabetic nephropathy?

A

Hypertension
Reduced GFR if untreated
Accelerated vascular disease

17
Q

What is the target blood pressure in diabetic patients?

A

130/80

18
Q

What is the first line drug when treating hypertension in diabetics?

A

ACE inhibitors

work on RAAS

19
Q

What screening tests can be done for diabetic nephropathy?

A

Urinary ACR (ablumin:creatinine ratio)
Dipstick for proteinuria
U+Es
Annual screening on over 12year olds

20
Q

What are the normal ACR values for a) males b) females?

A

a) <3.5

21
Q

What needs to be done if microalbuminuria is found?

A 
screen for retinopathy
screen for IHD/PVD
look for other renal causes
screen for hypertension
tighten glycaemic control 
moniter serum creatinine
22
Q

What levels of albumina consitiute a) microalbuminuria and b) macroalbuminuria

A

a) 30-300 mg

b) >300 mg

23
Q

What are the macrovascular complications of diabetes?

A

Stroke

MI

24
Q

What are the microvascular complications of diabetes?

A

neuropathy
nephropathy
retinopathy
erectile dysfunction

25
Q

What are the psychological complications of diabetes?

A

depression
eating disorders
schizophrenia
bi-polar disorder

Endocrinology (17 decks)

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