Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

5th yr- AMS > Complications and respiratory depression > Flashcards

Complications and respiratory depression Flashcards

1
Q

What can help us predict and avoid complications during sedation

A

A thorough medical history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What must we monitor during sedation treatment

A
  1. Oxygen saturations
  2. Heart rate
  3. Respiratory rate
  4. Non incase blood pressure
  5. AVPU
  6. Skin colour
  7. Airway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When can complications occurs

A

Before
During
After

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What complications can occur before we sedate the patients

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Cannulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What complications can occur with cannulations

A
  1. Venospasm
  2. Haematoma/ thrombosis
  3. Phlebitis
  4. Extravascular cannula positioning
  5. Failed cannulation
  6. Intra arterial cannulation
  7. Nerve/ tendon/ ligament damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What complications can occur during the sedation

A
  1. Cannula
  2. Respiratory depression
  3. Allergy
  4. Un/known medical problem
  5. Pharmacological
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give an example of a respiratory complication that rarely occurs in sedation

A

Laryngospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is laryngospasm

A

Oral cords spasm leading to an inability to pass air leading to hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can we manage laryngospasm

A

SEEK HELP AND EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE
suction
Extend neck
Jaw thrusts
Postive pressure ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

With which drugs is respiratory depression more likely

A

Opioids and polypharmacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the severity of respirate depression usually related to

A

Dose related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can we minimise the chances of repsiraoty depression

A
  1. Ensure oxygen saturation is more than 95%
  2. Titrate midazolam
  3. No bolus doses
  4. Caution with extreme age
  5. Be abate of drug interactions and co morbidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

State the normal respiratory rate for an adult

A

12-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do we manage respirate depression

A
  1. Ask them to take deep breath
  2. AVPU assesment
  3. Check airway perform head tilt chin lift as needed
  4. GET HELP and maintain airway with an oro or naso pharyngeal airway
  5. ABCDE assessment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which masks can we use to deliver oxygen during respiratory depression

A
  1. Nasal prongs
  2. Non rebreather face mask
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much oxygen do we give through a non rebreather face mask

A

10-12L per min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How much oxygen do we give through nasal prongs

A

1-2L per min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does ABCDE stand for

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

State the 2 types of airway exposure

A

Partial and Complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do we assess airway obstruction

A
  1. Look for chest and abdominal movements
  2. Listen and feel for airflow at the mouth and nose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Give examples of noises that may indicate airway obstruction

A
  1. Inspiratory stridor
  2. Expiratory wheeze
  3. Gurgling
  4. Snoring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does an Inspiratory stridor suggest

A

Obstruction of the laryngeal or above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does an Expiratory wheeze suggest

A

Obstruction of the lower airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does an gurgling suggest

A

Suggest liquid accumulation in airways

25
What does an snoring suggest
Partial occlusion of the airway usually by the tongue
26
How might choking present
1. Pt unable to speak but can respond by nodding 2. Unable to breath 3. Wheezing 4. Silent cough 5. Unconscious
27
Define severe choking
Airway obstruction meaning pt in unable to cough effective
28
Define mild choking
When the airway is obstructed but patient can cough effectively
29
How do we treat mild choking
Encourage th patient to cough
30
How do we manage severe choking
5 back blows 5 abdominal thrusts
31
How do we carry out an airway assessment
Head tilt and chin lift or jaw thrust
32
When do we use an oropharyngeal airway
When the patient unconscious and we suspect airway obstruction
33
When do we use a naso pharyngeal airway
Can be used in a conscious or unconscious patient when we suspect airway obstruction
34
How does sedation affect the central nervous system
It depresses it therefore reducing respiratory drive
35
Name the main muscles of the respiratory system
Diaphragm Intercostal muscles
36
Which ribs keep the diaphragm innervated
C3,4,5
37
How can a sedated patietn suffering from hypoxia or hypercapnia present
1. Irritable 2. Confused 3. Lethargic 4. Decreased conscious level
38
How do we assess circulation
Assess heart rate
39
Name the main causes of cardiac arrest
1. Hypoxia 2. Hypothermia 3. Hyperkalaemia 4. Hypovolaemia 5. Toxins 6. Tamponade 7. Tension pneumothorax 8. thrombosis
40
Which of the main causes of cardiac arrest can be significant during sedation dentistry
Hypoxia
41
List some symptoms of an allergic reaction
1. Light headed/faint 2. rash 3. Clammy cold skin 4. infusion
42
Define anaphylaxis
A serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction usually rapid in onset and can be fatal
43
If we suspect anaphylaxis shock what do we need to administer
Adrenaline 1:1000
44
Where do we administer adrenaline
Either thigh or arm
45
Which medical condition can potential cause complications during sedation
1. Astha m 2. Epilepsy 3. Diabetes 4. Adrenal insufficiency 5. Cardiac
46
How common is asthma
340 million affected worldwide
47
What questions should we ask an asthmatic patient prior to sedation
1. Have they been intubated 2. Have they been hospitalised I the last year 3. How many drugs do they take for their asthma (more than 3 is a concern) 4. How reliant are they on their beta 2 agonist inhaler
48
Talk through the presentation of severe asthma
1. Pt can't complete sentences in one breath 2. Respiratory rate greater than 25per min (tachypnoeic) 3. Heart rate greater than 100bmp (tachycardia)
49
Talk through the presentation of life threatening asthma
1. Cyanosis 2. Respiratory rate less than 8 per min 3. Heart rate les than 50bpm (bradycardia) 4. Exhaustion and confusion
50
How do we treat asthma
Salbutamol and aim for 94-98% oxygen saturation
51
What questions should we ask a patient with epilepsy prior to sedation
1. Have they ever been hospitalised 2. Do they know how the seizure is imitated 3. How does the seizure usually resolve 4. What medications do they take 5. How controlled is their epilepsy
52
What questions should we ask a diabetic patient prior to sedation
1. Type 2. How controlled is it 3. Do they know their HB1AC levels
53
Give examples of some acute coronary syndromes
1. ST elevated myocardial infarction 2. Non ST elevated ACS 3. Non ST elevated Myocardial infarction 4. Unstable angina
54
What is acute coronary syndrome
Chest pain/ discomfit due to myocardial ischaemia
55
What causes angina
Can be: 1. Stress 2. Anxiety 3. Exertion 4. Pain
56
What happens in angina
Release of catecholamines (noradrenaline and adrenaline
57
Give some signs and symptoms of angina
1. Tachycardia 2. Vasoconstriction 3. Hypertension 4. Increased cardiac work 5. Myocardial ischaemia 6. pain
58
What should we do if we suspect a patient is suffering from angina or ACS
1. Aspirin 300mg orally crushed or chewed 2. Check BP 3. GTN sublingual 4. Check oxygen saturation aiming for 94-98% 5. 999

5th yr- AMS (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions