Complexometry

Question 1

Is the association of two or more chemical species that are capable of independent existence by
sharing one or morepairsofelectrons

Answer 1

Complexation

Question 2

It has found a wide application

since the discovery of organic derivatives,in most cases those of a-amino acids,______

Answer 2

complexones.

Question 3

______ are stable complexes formed from the reaction of complexones with metal ions.

Answer 3

Complexonates,

Question 4

Is one of the complexonates most often used for analysis.

Answer 4

Ethylendiamintetraacetate(EDTA)

Question 5

In order to push the equilibrium of complexonate formation to the right,substances bindingH+ions, such as _________may beadded to thesolution.

Answer 5

ammonia buffer(NH4OH+NH4Cl),

Question 6

iscausedbydissolvedcalciumandmagnesiumsalts.ItisexpressedbymillimolesofCa2+andMg2+ionsinaliter(mmol/l).

Answer 6

Water hardness

Question 7

Caused by calcium and magnesium carbonates

Answer 7

Temporary hardness

Question 8

Maintained by sulfates, chlorides, silicates, phosphates and nitrates of calcium and magnesium

Answer 8

Permanent hardness

Question 9

theeliminationofcalciumandmagnesiumsaltsfromwater

Answer 9

Water Softening

Question 10

Water is boiled until it evaporates and condenses, leaving behind impurities.

Question 11

Water is boiled until it evaporates and condenses, leaving behind impurities.

Question 12

Water is boiled until it evaporates and condenses, leaving behind impuritie

Boiling can be used to remove temporary hardness

Answer 12

Distillation

Physical Methods

Question 13

Softening by
slakedlime, soda,sodium phosphate Na3PO4, sodium tetraborate Na2B4O7,or other materials,which forminsolublecarbonates,phosphates,boratesofcalciumorhydroxidewithmagnesiumsalts

Answer 13

Chemical methods

Question 14

Employed on an industrial scale; makes used of natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds, called ion exchangers or ionites

Answer 14

Ion exchange

Question 15

Ionites whose OH- ions neutralize the H+ ions form from the cationic proces

Answer 15

Anionites

Question 16

Ionites exchanging their cations with those from water.

Answer 16

Cationites

Question 17

As ______ it is possible to use natural and synthetic aluminosilicates, which are called ____Na2[Al2Si2O8] · nH2O; thegeneralformulaNa2R). TheyadsorbCa2+, Mg2+ionsfromwa t e r,releasingNa+

Answer 17

Sodium cationites

Permutites

Question 18

As ______ it is possible to use natural and synthetic aluminosilicates, which are called ____Na2[Al2Si2O8] · nH2O; thegeneralformulaNa2R). TheyadsorbCa2+, Mg2+ionsfromwa t e r,releasingNa+

Answer 18

Sodium cationites

Permutites

Question 19

aresyntheticresins,whosehydrogencanbeexchangedbyionsofanymetals:

Answer 19

Hydrogen cationites

Question 20

Acids,whichareformed,gotothesolution. WhensuchwaterisrunthroughOH-anionites(simplifiedformulaROH),OH- ionsoftheanionitesneutralizehydrogenionsoftheacids. Therefore,runningwaterthroughthesystemofcationitesandanionitesallowstogetchemicallypurewater

Question 21

It is possibleto regenerate ionites:

Answer 21

Sodium cationites - NaCl
Hydrogen Cationites - H2SO4
Anionites- alkali solutions