complex lipids - NYIT Flashcards
phospholipids
polar, ionic compounds composed of an alcohol attached through phosphodiester bridge to DAG or sphingosine
amphipathic molecules
often membrane components or signalling molecules. found in lung surfactant and bile
PE - phosphatidylethanolamine
phosphatidic acid plus ethanolamine
PI - phosphatidylinositol
how is it formed? What is it and its metabolized parts used for?
from inositol and CDP-DAG (activated)
the inositol can be modified by phosphoylation (PI-triP) PIP -> DAG + IP3
The fatty acids can be freed as (or for synthesis of) stearic acid and arachidonic acid
used for anchoring proteins to the membrane - Alkaline phosphatase (in small intestine) and Acetylcholine esterase (postganglionic cell axonal synaptic membrane)
PS - phosphatidylserine
interconversion happens between PS and PE
could be used in the synthesis of PC with cofactor PLP and S-adenosylmethionine
PC - phosatidylcholine
used for synthesis of pulmonary surfactant, which is a PC with 2 palmitoyl FA attached
can be interconverted PE PC by switching out choline/ethanolamine
sphingomyelin
shingosine backbone with FA (ceremide) plus a phosphorylcholine
found in the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
lung surfactant
allows easy inflation of air alveoli
sphingomyelin
shingosine backbone with FA (ceramide) plus a choline (donated from PC)
found in the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers
cofactor is PLP, requires NADPH
sphingomyelin
shingosine backbone with FA (ceramide) plus a phosphocholine (donated from PC)
found in the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers
cofactor is PLP, requires NADPH
cerebrosides
ceramide and glucose
predominately in brain and PNS as the myelin sheath
neutral molecule
gangliosides
also components of myelin sheath in the brain and PNS
sulfatides
has sulfated galactosyl residues (so ceramide + galactose + sulfate)
also found in nervous tissue but also the kidney
synthesis of glycoshingolipids
done in golgi with a UDP-sugar and the enzyme glycosyl transferase and sulfate comes from (PAPS) 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate
Blood antigens (or groups) are what type of molecule?
glycolipid called H-antigens
A, B, AB, and O is the type of sugar attached on glycolipid (with O being no sugar)
synthesis of glycosphingolipids
done in golgi with a UDP-sugar and the enzyme glycosyl transferase and sulfate comes from (PAPS) 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate
