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Complement Flashcards

1
Q

Alteration of a complement (protein) in such a way that it can proceed to interact with the next component in the pathway (cascade)

A

Complement Activation

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2
Q

Utilization of complement components by the antigen-antibody complex.

A

Complement Fixation

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3
Q

Complements that have enzymatic activities

A

C1, C2, C3, C4

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4
Q

Complements that don’t have enzymatic activity

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, C9

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5
Q

Complement’s order of activation

A

C1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

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6
Q

Complement’s order of discovery

A

C1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

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7
Q

The dilution of a serum sample which can lyse a predetermined proportion of a sheep erythrocyte (srbc) suspension coated with anti-SRBC antibody.

A

Hemolytic Units

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8
Q

Denaturation (usually by heat) of one of the early components in -activation pathway resulting in the destruction of C-hemolytic activity.

A

Complement Inactivation

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9
Q
  • Soluble and cell bounded protein
  • Heat-labile proteins
  • Predominantly inactive molecule
  • All are produced on Liver
A

Characteristics of Complement

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10
Q

Small soluble proteins that regulate the immune system, orchestrating both innate immunity and the adaptive response to infection

A

Complement

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11
Q

Who coined the Complement System?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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12
Q

Who explain the nature of complement?

A

Jules Bordet

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13
Q

Where do Factor D come from?

A

Adipose Tissue

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14
Q

Where do C1 Components come from?

A

Intestinal Epithelial Cell

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15
Q

Other source come from?

A

Macrophage, Monocyte

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16
Q

Thermolabile in

A

56°C for 30 mins

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17
Q

It regains activity at what temperature?

A

7 - 37°C

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18
Q

It lost activity in ___ at ___?

A

3 - 4 days at Refrigerator temperature

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19
Q

It deteriorates within ___ at ___?

A

1 - 2 days at room temperature

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20
Q

It reacts best at ___ in ___?

A

pH 7.2 - 7.4 in 30 - 37°C

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21
Q

(True or False)

It has Calcium and Magnesium

A

True

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22
Q

(True or False)

It is bound to all antigen-antibody complexes

A

True

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23
Q

(True or False)

It CANNOT be activated by non-serologic reactions

A

False

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24
Q

Complement is preserved BEST by ____?

A

Lyophilization

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25
What are the 3 phase for each of the main pathway?
1. Initiation 2. Amplification 3. Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
26
Its activation proteins are C1qrs, C2, C3, and C4. What pathway is this?
Classical pathway
27
Its activation proteins are MBP, MASP, MASP2. What pathway is this?
Lectin pathway
28
Its activation proteins are C3, Factor B, and D Properdin. What pathway is this?
Alternative pathway
29
It has C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9. What pathway is this?
Lytic pathway
30
Its Stimulus has Antigen-Antibody complexes, CRP, E.coli, Mycoplasma, Protozoa
Classical
31
Its stimulus is Lipopolysaccharide, Fungal Cell [zymosan], Yeast, Parasites [trypanosmoes, tumor cell lines, Cobra venom factor
Alternative
32
Its stimulus is mannose and several other sugars found primarily on bacteria, some yeasts, viruses, and several parasites
Lectin
33
A pathway that is not calcium-dependent cause it has magnesium
Alternative
34
These pathways are calcium dependent
Classical and Lectin
35
What are the common Activation unit of the 3 pathways?
C3 convertase and C5 convertase
36
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
C5, C6, C7, C8, C9
37
What are the 3 pathways of complement activation?
1. Classical pathway 2. Alternative pathway 3. Lectin pathway
38
It bind to fc portion of IgG (CH2) & IgM (CH3) ; B binds to C3b to form C3 convertase
C1q
39
Cleaves to C4 & C2 ; D - Cleaves to factor B into Bb in the presence of C3 and Mg ions
C1s
40
This is the key component of each pathway ; Properdin - stabilize C3 convertase
C3
41
It initiates MAC
C5
42
Stabilizes and binds C5b ; Lectin pathway
C6
42
It has affinity to lipid component / Allows insertion of complex ; MBL - binds to mannose
C7
43
Expose hydrophobic region [pore formation] ; MASP 2 - acts like C1s
C8
44
Accelerates cell lysis ; MASP 1,2,3 - bind to form an activated C1 like complex
C9
45
Anaphylaxis; cause increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils (induces)
C3a, C4a, C5a
46
An opsonin
C3b
47
Opsonization
C3b, C4b, C5b
48
membrane attack complex
C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9
49
Chemotaxin & Anaphylaxin --> Attacks WBC to inflammation
C5a
50
Analogous/same to C1r and C1s
MASP
51
These two acts the same
C1q and MBL
52
(True or False) C1q is analogous to MBL
True
53
What is the end result of the complement pathway?
Cell lysis (suicidal bomb)
54
Largest/biggest than other C1
C1q
55
- First to be studied - Initiated by Ag-Ab complex - IgM>IgG3>IgG1>IgG2
Classical Pathway
56
It can be seen in the cell wall of bacteria, virus, and some parasites
Mannose
57
In IgM it needs 1, but in IgG it needs how many?
2 adjacent molecules
58
Cause basophil/mast cells degranulation and smooth muscle contraction
Anaphylatoxin (C4a, C3a, C5a)
59
Promotes phagocytosis
Opsonins (C3b)
60
Promotes diapedesis
Chemotactic factor (C5a)
61
Recognition
C1
62
Trimolecular structure of C1q, C1r, C1s is stabilized by ____?
Calcium ions
63
Classical pathway activates
C4, C2, C3
64
(True or False) Alternative pathway bypasses C1, C4, and C2,
True
64
- Aggregates of IgA - Yeast cell wall or Zymosan - Lipopolysaccharides - CVF: Cobra venom factor
Alternative/ alternate/ properdin pathway
65
(True or False) Alternative pathway is activated at a slow rate by water and plasma enzymes
True
66
Alternative pathway starts/begins activation at ___?
C3
67
- MBL: Mannose-Binding Lectin - Attaches to mannose or similar sugar in cell walls or outer membranes of microorganisms - Cleaves C4 and C2 (formation of C3 convertase); Proceed as classical
Lectin pathway
68
- Opsonization; phagocyte activation - Phagocytosis - Factor H and I
C3b and its products
68
- Basophil and mast cell degranulation; smooth muscle contraction - Anaphylaxis - Carboxypeptidase B (C3a-INA)
C3a, C4a (Anaphylatoxin)
69
- Accumulation of body fluid - Edema - C1-INH
C2b (Prokinin)
70
- Basophil and mast cell degranulation; smooth muscle contraction - Anaphylaxis - C3a-INA
C5a (Anaphylatoxin; Chemotactic factor
71
- Chemotaxis; attachment to other cell membbrane - Inflammatory lysis of by stander cells - Protein S (MAC)
C5b67
72
Dissociates C1r and C1s from C1q
C1 inhibitor
73
Cofactor with I to inactivae C3B; prevents binding of B to C3b
Factor H
74
Cleaves C3b and Cb
Factor I
75
Accelerates dissociation of C3 convertase
Decay accelerating Fcator / CD55
76
Acts as a cofactor with I to inactivate C4b
C4-binding protein / membrane cofactor protein / CD46
77
Acts as a cofactor with I and binds C3b
CR1 / CD35
78
Inhibits MAC through binding with CD8 to prevent insertion of CD9
Membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis MIRL / CD59
79
- Inhibits MASP-2, C1r, C1s - From Liver Macrophage
C1 Inhibitor
79
Prevents attachment of C5b67 complex to cell membrane
S protein / vitronectin
80
- Inhibits C4b - Acts with DAF, CR1, MCP
Factor I
81
- Binds with C3b - Blood cells - CD35
Complement Receptor 1
82
- Cofactor to C4b, C3b, Factor B - CD46
Membrane Cofactor Protein
83
- Binds to C4b, C3B and dissolves C2a - From Epithelial cell, endothelial cell, fibroblasts - CD55
Decay-accelerating Factor
84
Lupus-like syndrome; recurrent infections
C1 (1q,r,s) deficiency
85
- Prevent insertion of C9 - Blood cell - CD59
Membrane inhibiting reactive lysis
85
- Prevent the binding of Factor B and C3b - 100x affinity to C3b
Factor H
86
Prevent from binding to cell membrane
S protein or Vitronectin
87
Lupus-like syndrome, recurrent infections, artherosclerosis Most common complement deficiency
C2 deficiency
88
Glomerulonephritis Most severe complement deficiency Most commonly measured
C3 deficiency
89
Lupus-like syndrome
C4 deficiency
90
Neisseria infections
C5 - C8, Properdin deficiency
91
No known disease association
C9 deficiency
92
Hereditary angioedema
C1-INH deficiency
93
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
DAF, MIRLs deficiency
94
Recurrent pyogenic infections
Factor H or I deficiency
95
Pneumococcal diseases, sepsis, Neisseria infection
MBL deficiency
96
Pneumococcal infections
MASP-2
97
Most important and if you are deficient in this it will cause severe problems
C3

IMSE 311 (4 decks)

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