Competency 3:Alphabetic Principle Flashcards
Alphabetic Principle
The ability to associate sounds with letters & to use these sounds to form words. The understanding that words in spoken language are represented by letters in print. Sounds in words have a predictable relationship with the letters that represent these sounds.
Graphophonemic Awareness
The understanding that a sequence of written letters represents a sequence of spoken sounds.
Decoding
Using graphophonemic awareness to figure out, sound out new words. Unless the reader can convert the code (lines & symbols, or letters written on the page) into sounds, he will not be able to make sense of what is read.
Letter-sound knowledge
Student’s ability to apply graphophonemic awareness & decode written words.
Graphemes
Written letters that represent a spoken sound. English language contains 26.
Phonics
Teaching relationship between phonemes and graphemes.
Digraphs
A sound made when 2 or more letters join together to make a new sound, specifically: ch, sh, th, and wh.
Diphthongs
A sound made when two vowels “slide together” and make a new sound, specifically: oi, oy, ou, etc.
Diacritic Marks
Marks such as the cedilla beneath the c or the tilde above the n in Spanish or French, marks which tell the reader to change how the sound or word is pronounced.
Alphabetic Recognition
The ability to recognize the printed letters of the alphabet based on each letter’s unique shape. Students should be able to recognize all of the upper and lower case letters of the alphabet by the end of kindergarten.
Alphabetic Phases
1) Pre-Alphabetic phase
2) Partial Alphabetic phase
3) Full Alphabetic phase
4) Consolidated Alphabetic phase
Pre-Alphabetic Phase
1st alphabetic phase. Learners can identify stores by the shape of their logo or symbols within the logo, instead of by specific letters in the logo. Leads to awareness of environmental print.
Partial Alphabetic Phase
2nd alphabetic phase. Learners begin to connect the shape of letters with sounds, such as the first letter of their classmates’ names. Supported by playing with blocks that have letters on them and being exposed to the alphabet indirectly through environmental print.
Full Alphabetic Phase
3rd alphabetic phase. Learners begin to connect letters with sounds, and using this connection between their oral vocabulary to determine the meaning of written words.
Consolidated Alphabetic Phase
4th alphabetic phase. Learners begin to understand that they can use parts of words they know to help them decode new words. They begin to make new words using onsets & rimes, word families, and letter chunks.
