Competency 13

Question 1

What is the Eastern Mountain Belt?

Answer 1

region of rugged hills and low mountains east of Hudson River and a part of the Green Mountains in Vermont

Question 2

Where is the plateau region and Catskill Mountains?

Answer 2

Plateau Region- Southern and Central NY

Catskills- down toward NY

Question 3

Where is the Mohawk Valley?

Answer 3

Extends from Hudson River near Albany to Utica, follows Mohawk River and divides Adirondaks from Catskills. Important because it is the only break in the Appalachian system. Provided a natural trade route between the Atlantic and the Great Lakes. Became the Erie Canal

Question 4

All the river of NY eventually drain where?

Answer 4

Into Atlantic Ocean

Question 5

How was NY’s land and water features created?

Answer 5

Glaciers

Question 6

The Glaciers deposited transported material in an irregular hummockey ridge called _________.

Answer 6

Terminal Morraine

Question 7

How did the soil in America become fertile?

Answer 7

Glaciers deposited and formed temporary lakes as the ice melted. When the lakes melted and drained, the silt was deposited on the rock beds and became fertile soil

Question 8

What is land use?

Answer 8

function of land, how the land is used

Question 9

What are 3 development models that explain the layout of urban and rural areas?

Answer 9

1. Burgess or Concentric model (BC model) starts with the city in center, factories around it, poor residentiall area, middle class, rich people
2. Hoyt (Secctor Model- sections) city in the center, industry on one side with low, income housing. Rich on the other side surrounded by middle class suburbs
3. Von Thunen Model- rural areas. city in the center, dairy farms, forests used for logging, large farms for crops, big ranches, wilderness

Question 10

How did places get their names?

Answer 10

1. Geographic features (green mtns, long river)
2. Names of founders (Hudson River)
3. Names that repeat names from the home countries (NY named after York, New Amsterdam after Amsterdam)
4. Named after a River (Mississippi state)
5. Names based on important events that occured at the site (a battle)
6. Named after a famous person, born near there
7. Names that continued from cultures that used to live there (Indians)

Question 11

What was the most efficient means of transportation of goods before raiilroads and highways?

Answer 11

Water

Question 12

Where are most lage cities near?

Answer 12

body of water

Question 13

What did transportation technology do to advance trade and communication between communities?

Answer 13

New transportation connected cities with one another and connected remote areas to larger communities

Question 14

How did the lives of farmers change with advanced transportation technology ex. railroad or erie canal?

Answer 14

Before this, farmers basically practiced subsistence farming (growing just enough to support family). With new transportation modes farmers could grow more crops and sell them.

Question 15

How did improved transportation impact those who lived in the cities?

Answer 15

caused cities to grow. More infrastructure was built ex. bridges, tunnels, more roads

Question 16

As transporation technology advanced cities grew in population. Then what happened?

Answer 16

People began developing suburbs to get away from the overcrowded living conditions in large cities, particularly NYC which is on Islands a mass transit system needed to be created to bring workers from outline areas into the city

Question 17

What was a negative impact that the creation of suburbs had?

Answer 17

City has a higher poverty rate

Question 18

How can populations grow naturally?

Answer 18

When more people are born than are dying and immigration

Question 19

What can cause population to decrease?

Answer 19

when more people die than are born or people migrate to another area, war, famine, disease, natural disastors

Question 20

What happens in extreme cases when a population declines to the point where it no longer perpuates itself (last person dies)?

Answer 20

the culture disapears (Incas, native Americans)

Question 21

________ is the branch of Science of statistics most concerned with the social well being of people?

Answer 21

Demography?

Question 22

What is Demography?

Answer 22

branch of Science of statistics most concerned with the well being of people

Question 23

What do Demographic tables include?

Answer 23

Analysis of the population in terms of age, parenentage (how many people parents), physical condition, race

Changes in the population as a result of birth, marriage, and death

Statistics on population movements and how they are related to economic, social, and political conditions

Statistics of crime, illefitimacy, suicide, levels of education, economic, and social conditions

Question 24

What are vital statistics?

Answer 24

comes from census information and by registrar reports and information kept by doctors, attorneys, ministers

Question 25

What is rate?

Answer 25

average number of births and deaths in a year for a unit of 1,000 people

Question 26

What is the difference between crude rates and refinded rates?

Answer 26

Crude rates are the average number of births and death for 1,000 people in a year. refined rates take the crude rates and divide them by sex, color, age, occupation, religion, locality, etc.

Question 27

What are statistics?

Answer 27

Mathematical science that deals with collecting, organizing, presenting, and analyzing various forms of numerical daya and then interpreting and understanding the data

Question 28

What is cultural identity?

Answer 28

The identification of individuals or groups as they are influenced by the belonging to a particular culture. (Ethnic identity)

Question 29

Why is it important to have cross cultural exchanges?

Answer 29

prevents confict between cultures

enriches all groups with discovery of shared values and needs

creates appreciation of unique cultural characteristics

Question 30

When most notably did cross cultural exchanges not occur?

Answer 30

when European settlers caused mass extermination, relocation, and issolation of the Native Americans

Question 31

How does agriculture negatively affect the environment?

Answer 31

loosens top soil by plowing, which causes erosion, which can eventually make the land unuseable. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides can get into the ground water.

Question 32

How are cities examples of how technological change has allowed humans to modify their environment?

Answer 32

In order for cities to thrive they needed transportation of goods and people. Roads were built, eventually highways were built, Canals were built, all changing the land. Today it’s using fuels for cars, heating homes and buildings. Rain water run off gets into sewer systems, infecting the ground water that goes into streams, lakes, and rivers.

Question 33

What is ecology?

Answer 33

study of how living organisms react with their environment

Question 34

What is biogeography?

Answer 34

study of how the surface features of the earth (Movement, climate, form) affect living things

Question 35

What 3 levels of environmental understanding are critical?

Answer 35

ecosystem

biome

habitat

Question 36

Within habitats interactions between members of the species occur. What are they?

Answer 36

Competition- members of the same or different species in competition

Predation- predators are hunting and eating each other

Symbiosis- 2 organisms of different species live together without killing each other

Question 37

When human and other population and migration changes, climate changes, or natural disastors occur, so that the delicate balance of a habitat or ecosystem is disrupted, what will species do?

Answer 37

adapt or become extinct

Question 38

Human civilization, population growth, and efforts to control the environment can have many ____ ______?

Answer 38

Negative Effects