Competency 11

Question 1

When categorizing landforms, what are characteristics scientists look at?

Answer 1

Elevation: how high

Slope

Soil type

Question 2

What are landform elements?

Answer 2

These are parts of a landform that can be further identified (Channel in river, ridge in mountains, pool in river, peak of mountain)

Question 3

What are elementary landforms?

Answer 3

Smallest homogeneous divisions of the land surface at the given scale/resolution

Question 4

What is weather?

Answer 4

Condition of the air, which surrounds the day-to-day atmoshperic conditions (raining, snowing, air temp)

Question 5

What is climate?

Answer 5

Weather over a period of time in a specific region or location

Question 6

What is the climate of 4 seasons?

Answer 6

continental climate found in northern and central US, norhern China, south central and south easter Canada, and western and southeastern parts of the Soviet Union. cold winters, hot summers, plenty of rainfall

Question 7

What is steppe or praire climate?

Answer 7

located in interriors of Asia and north America. Dry flat lands, away from Ocean breezes. Hot summers, cold winters. rain is less plentiful to scarce (Deserts)

Question 8

What is the differnce between Tundra and Taiga?

Answer 8

Tundra: Marshy plain, northen areas of Russia, Europe, and Canada. Winters extremely cold, long. Ground is frozen, summer can be mushy, less snowFALL, few people, no crops can be raised (Eskomos)

Taiga: south of tundra, northern forest region, Scandenavian countries, Canada, Alaska, parts of Russia. Fur berring animals (grizzly bears). Few people, no crops raised, very cold winter temps, summer temps are cool, but hotter summer temps thatn Tundra

Question 9

What is sub-tropical climate?

Answer 9

found north and south of tropics. Hawaii, Japan, Australia, South America. Warm current oceans cause winds to bring warm moist air in all year round. Long warm summers, short mild winters

Question 10

What is the marine climate?

Answer 10

Western Europe, US Pacific Northwest, western coast of Canada, Southern chile. Near water, ocean winds wet and warm, mild raining climate. Summer is around 70 degrees. Winters rarely below freezing because of the ocean waters.

Question 11

What is a vertical climate?

Answer 11

climate unique to areas of high mountains.

Question 12

What are forces that have shaped the Earth’s surface?

Answer 12

Plate Tectonics & Continental Drift

Erosion

Weathering

Transportation of Eroded material

Deposition

Question 13

Explain Plate tectonics.

Answer 13

Geological theory that explains continental drift, the large movement of the earth’s crust floating on the molten mantle. 10 major tectonic plates

Question 14

Discuss continental collision.

Answer 14

when tectonic plates collide and fold up against each other

Subduction: when one plate slides under the other often results in volcanic activity

Continental collisions create high mountain ranges such as the Andes

Question 15

What are rifts?

Answer 15

tectonic plates move away from each other, creating a hold in the middle (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). These are caused by Divergent Boundaries

Question 16

What happens when plates are moving in opposite directions (Transform boundaries?)

Answer 16

Earthquakes

Question 17

What do we call the displacement of solid, earth surfaces such as rock and soil as a result of wind, water, or ice?

Answer 17

Erosion

Question 18

What do we call the natural decomosition of the earth’s surface from contact with the atmoshpere (ex. heat, water, ice, and pressure, and chemicals that can be a factor of erosion?)

Answer 18

Weathering

Question 19

What do we call the movement of the eroded material from one place to another (Ex. pebles rolling down a streambed or bolders being carried by glaciers?)

Answer 19

Transportation

Question 20

What do we call the result of transportation when the material being carried settles on the surface and is deposited?

Answer 20

Deposition

Question 21

The relative placement of settlements or communities is shaped by the proximity to ______.

Settlements begin in areas that offer the ______ to support life.

With the ability to manage the environment comes populations. With the ability to ______ _______ ________, and finish products, comes _________. With increasing _______ and the rise of _______ ________ comes a __________________.

Answer 21

Natural Resources

Natural Resources

Transport raw materials

mobility

technology

industrial centers

migration of the workforce

Question 22

What are the major hubs of human settlement?

Answer 22

Cities

Question 23

What are metropolitan areas?

Answer 23

Urban and Suburban areas

Question 24

Why must rural areas be connected to urban areas?

Answer 24

need to transport food and raw materials to urban areas and communication

Question 25

What is natural capitol?

Answer 25

natural resources that are very valuable (rainforest regions)

Question 26

What does environmental policy do?

Answer 26

Tries to preserve a region habitat or ecosystem and to conserve natural resources

Question 27

What is social policy?

Answer 27

Addresses basic human needs in order to sustain a person or people includes food, clean water, shelter, education, health, etc.

Question 28

How has human civilization disrupted the economic balance of the earth?

Answer 28

has caused distinction of animals and plants and has destroyed ecosystems to build or to farm (global warming)

Question 29

What was the evolution of society?

Answer 29

gatherers, hunters (invented tools), farming (observed their environments and learned to plant seeds), communities developed to hunt and farm together, and division of labor was created (some hunted, some farmed, some cooked), envrionments became crowded and competition happened and people had to learn how to manage their environment in order to protect it and guard their resources

Then came camps, villages, animals were domesticated, gathered into herds, pottery developed for storing and cooking food, culture begininng to evolve, farming of grained crops (wheat, rice). Life became more settled, belief systems began.

More sophesticated tools, commerce with other communities, increasing knowledge of their environment, led further to division of labor and community development. As trade routes developed, trade became easier and we have exchange of goods and techniques and ideas. New ideas means new discoveries, which means new inventions, etc. As each community learns the value of the goods it produces, then it improves its ability to produce these goods and in greater quantity. Thus, Industry is born.