Competency 1: Chapter 2: Informatics Theory and Practice Flashcards
are often used to describe an idea about an event, a situation, a process, or a group of events, can be things that can be seen, heard, smelled, or felt, can also take a more abstract form and be based on evidence that is grouped together through presumed connections
Phenomena
What are the 2 major purposes of theories?
to guide research and practice
This is conceptualization of some aspect of nursing reality communicated for the purpose of describing phenomena, explaining relationships between phenomena, predicting consequences, or prescribing nursing care
nursing theory
These types of theories aim to describe the broadest scope of nursing phenomena and relationships between them and do not lend themselves to empirical testing.
Grand theories
Type of nursing system in which the nurse cares for all the patient needs
wholly compensatory
Type of nursing system in which the nurse assists the patient to care for himself or herself;
partly compensatory
Type of nursing system when the nurse assists the patient to learn how to care for himself or herself.
supportive-educative
These types of theories are more limited in scope, focus on a specific phenomenon, and
reflect practice (teaching, clinical, or administrative). These theories cross different nursing fields and reflect a wide variety of nursing-care situations
middle range theories
These types of theories focus on a specific nursing phenomenon. They are often bound
to a specific type of clinical practice and focus on a specific population. These theories are not meant to transcend time or go beyond a particular social structure, but rather they fit well within a certain social context
Situation-specific theories
What are the 4 propositions used to specify key assumptions in the decision-making process involving the choice of behaviors to maintain physiologic stability and the response to symptoms when they occur?
(a) symptom recognition is the key to successful self-care management
(b) self-care is better in patients with more knowledge, skill, experience, and compatible values
(c) confidence moderates the relationship between self-care and outcomes
(d) confidence mediates the relationship between self-care and outcomes.
What are the 3 types of systems used in health informatics?
Data-oriented systems
Information-oriented systems
Knowledge-oriented systems
In DIKW what is: most discrete components of the DIKW framework. They are mostly presented as discrete observations with little interpretation. These are the smallest factors describing the patient, disease state, health environment, and so forth.
Data
In DIKW what is: data plus meaning. A meaningful clinical picture is constructed when different data points are put together and presented in a specific context, a continuum of progressively developing and clustered data; it answers questions such as who, what, where, and when.
Information
In DIKW what is: information that has been processed and organized so that relations and inter-actions are identified, constructed of meaningful information built of discrete data points, derived by discovering patterns of relationships between differ-ent clusters of information and affected by assumptions and central theories of a scientific discipline with which it is concerned, answers questions of why and/or how
Knowledge
IN DIKW what is: an appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems, m includes ethics or knowing why certain things or procedures should or should not be implemented in specific cases, guides the nurse in rec-ognizing the situation at hand, based on the nurse’s expertise, patient’s and patient’s family’s values, and patient’s healthcare knowledge.
Wisdom
This theory includes six central components: types and patterns of transitions; properties of transition experiences; transition conditions: facilitators and inhibitors; process indicators; outcome indicators; and nursing therapeutics
Transitions theory
According to the transitions theory what is important to uncover to understand what affects progress toward a healthy transition?
Uncover personal, community and societal conditions that facilitate or hinder progress
What is group dynamics theory?
Focuses on the nature of groups. Influence of a group may rapidly become strong, influencing or over-whelming individual proclivities and actions. Within every organization, there are formal and informal group pressures.
Adoption of an innovation by an individual is dependent on what?
the perceptions the individual has of that innovation
the interdisciplinary field that studies and pursues the effective uses of biomedical data, information, and knowledge for scientific inquiry, problem solving, and decision making, driven by efforts to improve human health
Biomedical informatics
Bioinformatics is primarily concerned with 3 types of data from molecular biology:
macromolecular struc-tures, genome sequences, and the results of functional genomics experimentation (
refers to research and practical applications concerned with representing, managing, and using information about the physical organization of the body (Brinkley, 1991). The notion of structural in the subdiscipline name often refers to the structure of objects in space. Informatics methods are used to store, study, and use data from studies about human-body structure. For example, a chest computerized-tomography (CT) image
Structural (imaging) information
is a subdiscipline of clinical informatics included in the general domain of health informatics, uses nursing knowledge, along with information and communication technology to promote the health of individuals, fami-lies, and entire populations.
Nursing informatics
subdiscipline of clinical informatics included in the gen-eral domain of health informatics, refers to research and practice in clinical informatics that focuses on disease and predominantly involves the role of physicians. This term was used interchangeably with other terms in the past to refer to the discipline of biomedical informatics as a whole
medical informatics
subdiscipline of clinical informatics included in the general domain of health informatics. It is defined as a multidisciplinary field that seeks to improve health care through the application of health-information technology and information science to dental-health delivery, information management, healthcare administration, research, and knowledge sharing
dental informatics
included in the general domain of health informatics, is the science of applying information technology in areas of public health, including preven-tion, preparedness, health promotion, and surveillance.
public-health informatics
included within the domain of informatics in translational science, combines applications of health informatics, bioinformatics, and structural informatics to identify genomic and cellular mechanisms to explain and predict clinical phenomena, develops innovative techniques for the integra-tion of biological and clinical data to create a more personalized healthcare.
translational bioinformatics
primarily focused on methods supporting clinical and translational research. Its goals are discovery and management of new knowledge about diseases and health.
clinical-research informatics
Category of nurse expected to have fundamental information-management and computer-technology skills and use existing information systems and established information-management practices
Level 1: Beginning nurse
Category of nurse: expected to have a specific area of expertise (e.g., public health, education, administration); be skilled in using information management and computer technology; have strong analytic skills to learn from relationships between different data elements; and be able to collaborate with the informatics nurse specialist to suggest improvement to systems.
Level 2: Experienced nurse
Category of nurse: defined as a nurse with advanced skills specific to health-information management and computer technology. Nurse specialist was expected to focus on information needs for the practice of nursing, which included education, admin-istration, research, and clinical practice and use critical thinking, process skills, data-management skills (including identifying, acquiring, preserving, retrieving, aggregating, analyzing, and transmitting data), expertise in the systems development life cycle, and computer skills.
Level 3: Informatics specialist
Category of nurse: expected to be educationally prepared to conduct infor-matics research and generate informatics theory and have advanced understanding and skills in information management and computer technology.
Level 4: Informatics Innovator
What does TIGER stand for?
Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform
This was ormed to advance nurses’ competencies related to informatics, primary objective was to develop a US nursing workforce capable of using electronic health records to improve the delivery of health care.
TIGER
What are the 3 categories of competencies outlined by TIGER?
- Basic computer competencies
- Information literacy
- Information managment
In recent years, TIGER’s work was adopted and now is managed by? a professional association of health-information-technology stakeholders and venders
HIMSS (Health-care Information and Management Systems Society)
What is TANIC?
TIGER-based Assessment of Nurs-ing Informatics Competencies
Which theories are broad and not amenable to empirical testing?
grand theories
What must be defined in order to accomplish informatics goals?
competencies
