Competency 0002 Flashcards
receptive language
The ability to understand language (comprehension)
The ability to understand speech, written text, and/or the elements of sign language
expressive language
The ability to express oneself using language (production)
This includes the ability to speak, write, and/or sign
Children who stutter have
An expressive language impairment, but their receptive language may be normal.
Children with hearing impairments
have a receptive language impairment
may not have difficulties expressing themselves (expressive language)
Children who are deaf..
May experience impairments in reception and expressive language
Phonology
Refers to speech sounds
Phoneme
distinct sound used to distinguish spoken words
Example: the word “sick” consists of three phonemes /s/, /i/, /k/
The word “six” consists of four phonemes /s/, /i/, /k/, /s/
About how many phonemes does the English language contain?
About 45 phonemes
Semantics
refers to the meaning of parts of words, sentences, and larger units.
Important part of semantic development?
Vocabulary acquisition
Grammer
refers to the rules that govern the structure of language
Grammar can be further divided into what two systems of rules?
Syntax and morphology
Syntax
Pertains to rules governing the placement of words in phrases, clauses, and sentences.
Example: You would say “Steve is here now” or “Steve is now here” but it is incorrect to say “Steve here is now”
Morphology
Refers to rules governing the use of morphemes or the smallest parts of words that contribute to meaning.
Pragmatics
whatever contributes to meaning over and above the literal meanings of the words that are used
example: taking turns, facial expressions, social behaviors
Orthography
The system of representing oral language in writing.
spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and use of hyphens.
Alphabet knowledge
ability to name the letters of the alphabet and recognize these letters in print.
Alphabetic principal
the understanding that letters represent sounds in systematic and predictable ways
fluency
ability to read quickly, effortlessly, accurately, and expressively
Dyslexia
learning disability that primarily affects reading
developmental dyslexia
Dyslexia that can be observed in early childhood
Alexia
dyslexia that is acquired as the result of disease or injury to the brain
13 categories of disability
- Autism
- Deaf-blindness
- Deafness
- Emotional disturbance
- Hearing impairment
- Intellectual disability
- Multiple disabilities
- Orthopedic impairment
- Other health impairments
- Specific learning disability
- Speech or language impairment
- Traumatic brain injury
- Visual impairment
in the word “breaking” what is the “ing”?
A morpheme
Specific Learning Disability conditions/disorders?
- Dyslexia
- Dysgraphia
- Dyscalculia
- Auditory Processing Disorder
- Aphasia
Adaptive Behavior
Conceptual, social, and practical skills.
Examples: self-care, communication skills, social skills, community skills
Orthopedic impairment conditions/disorders?
- Cerebral-palsy
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Brittle Bone Disease
- Spina Bifida
- Multiple Sclerosis
Other Health Impairments conditions/disorders?
- asthma
- attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- diabetes
- epilepsy
- a heart condition
- Tourette syndrome
Disproportionality
The over-representation of minority students identified with a disability.
When a minority groups numbers in special education are statistically higher than they should be, they are considered disproportionate.
Digraphs
pairs of letters that represent a single sound like “sh” and “oo”
Nausea and Fatigue
students taking medication for emotional disabilities often experience
Manifestation Determination Review
determines if misbehavior is because of disability or failure to implement IEP
