Competence I: Ch 1, 2, & 6 Flashcards
scientific method
a set of assumptions and rules about collecting and evaluating data. Enable standard systematic method of investigation that is designed to reduce bias as much as possible.
received view of science
The basic philosophy of science that has been generalized from the physical sciences (also called standard view). This original view come under attack and alternative paradigm or realistic view emerged
realistic view of science
- Knowledge is a social and historical product and cannot be obtained only by studying the individual in isolation 2. The experiences of an individual whether observable or not are appropriate topics of study, 3. The focus of research should not be on events and finding relationships among events, but rather on examining the underlying causal properties of structures that exist and operate in the world
Methodological Diversity
Previously traditional view of science assumed that best knowledge gained from tightly controlled experimental studies. Authors disagree and selection of research method must fit both the phenomenon under investigation and type of information sought. Essential to match research design to existing knowledge on a particular topic and the next best research question of interest.
-Spanning range of quantitative and qualitative design is essential for important advances in the counseling profession.
Wide Variety of Research Tools
New research methodologies may be needed to help acquire new/ different types of knowledge. Developing new methodologies or alternative ways of collecting data obviously challenges problem solving and creative abilities of researcher
-Flashlight analogy: Flashlight only shine light where we point it. Cannot find object we are looking for with a flashlight, it does not mean we should throw the flashlight away but rather we should change the direction of the light. AKA our research methods will give us information only abut the content we examine. . If dissatisfied w/ results should not eliminate research methods but rather try new angles with our research methods.
Scientist-Practitioner Model
Model used by most counseling training programs, training in both scientific and practitioner activities. Basic assumption students trained in both science and practice will be better prepared for multitude of employment demands in counseling profession. Also called the Boulder Model
Concerns: 1. Are grad students taught to think about applied problems and process info as scientists? 2. Students not interested in research and thus do not learn how to adequately use is, possible to allow student to decide how much of study spent on practitioner and research
Central Outcome of the Scientist-Practitioner Model
The role of scientific or critical thinking within the grad. The choice of whether a grad engages in scientific or practice activities is not most important outcome, but rather whether the grad can utilize scientific or critical thinking in whatever professional activity he or she chooses.
All research is flawed and limited
any one study cannot rule out all threats to validity and that knowledge accumulates through repeated investigations. Motivated create study address research questions taking principles of design as well as practical constrains into account.
Use the appropriate research method to answer the research question
Teaching a varied approach to research is important. While this correct matching is valid ignores personalities/ interests of students. Students benefit from using methods they enjoy and field benefits from methological pluralism.
Research Self-Efficacy
ones confidence in being able to successfully complete various aspects of the research process.
Research Productivity
include journal articles, unpublished manuscripts, research in progress. Etc. Outcome variable in Kahn & Scott Model . Research productivity of grads in counseling programs is low. Productivity as goal controversial because of focus on quantitity rather than quality. Skilled students can produce quality research and consume research
Research Competence
missing in the Kahn and Scott model competencies need to be established for producing and consuming research.
1. knowledge of designs, 2. Understanding of design issues: validity, sampling, and power, 3. Knowledge of statistical analyses 4. Understanding statistical issues, 5. Ability to perform analyses with computer assistance
Basic Scientific Thinking Skills
crucial characteristic of professional counselor is integration of scientific thinking into daily activities of professional practice. Thinking relates to how counselors process information about a client and evaluate counseling process. Process of critical thinking hypothesis testing and other elements of scientific method should be engendered and integrated into all aspects of training.
Evidence-Based Practice
comes from outcome research conducted by counselor educators. Highly controlled and experimental designs used to be applied widely to clinical practice
Basic Research Application Skills
: counselors need to train themselves to continually work effectively with new client problems that may not have been previously considered. Client treatment focuses change rapidly. Use research as a way to help us use our heads and think more clearly without bias and prejudice. Help think in less biased way, help further or refine use of theory in practice, and allow me to add small pieces of new information to my conceptual system.
