Compatibility Testing Flashcards
Term often considered synonymous with crossmatching
Compatibility Testing
Recipient identification, sample collection and handling, and required pretransfusion testing.
Compatibility Testing
Discovery of the circulation of blood by William Harvey
(YEAR)
1628
Discovered ABO, early recipients often died because no understanding existed of ABO blood group system antibodies o of other blood group system alloantibodies.
(YEAR)
1900
A crossmatch procedure was first attempted year ______ in ______ by _______
1907
New York
Weil & Ottenberg
Antibody Screening
(YEAR)
1950
OR
1950 to mid 1960s
The AABB made the minor crossmatch unnecessary in year ______
1976
Computer Crossmatch
(YEAR)
1990
Crossway mixing of donor and recipient blood components
Crossmatch
A crossmatch is interpreted as compatible when ____ and ____ are present in testing
No agglutination
No hemolysis
A crossmatch is interpreted as incompatible when ____ and ____ are present in testing
Agglutination
Hemolysis
One unit of RBCs should increase the hematocrit by ___ and the hemoglobin by ____
3%
1g/dL
Patient samples for compatibility testing may be ______
Serum or Plasma
Tubes that are commonly used in compatibility testing
Red top (NO ANTICOAGULANT)
EDTA
Preferred sample for compatibility testing
Plasma
AGE OF THE SAMPLE
patient samples and a segment from the donor unit used for crossmatching must be stored for at least ____ days
7 days
Mechanical hemolysis may be caused by
Use of small gauge needles
Trauma to a small vein
Forcing of blood into the tube through a small needle
Addition of blood to a partially clotted sample
Mechanical hemolysis can mask the detection of antibody induced hemolysis in some examples of _____
ABO
P1
Lewis
Kidd
Vel system antibodies
Responsible for confirming the correct ABO labeling of all donor blood received from the donor center if the units were not previously confirmed.
Transfusing Facility
It is performed by making a red cell suspension of the donor blood from a segment attached to the donor bag.
Retyping
TRUE OR FALSE
Platelets and plasma do not require retyping.
eurT
Pretransfusion testing on the recipient’s sample includes the determination of the patients _____, _____, and ______
ABO and D phenotype
Antibody Screen
Crossmatch
Are terms used to describe the detectable ABO red cell antigens
ABO Phenotype
ABO type
ABO group
2 Main functions of crossmatching
Final check of ABO compatibility between donor and recipient
Detects the presence of an antibody in the patient’s serum.
Two parts of crossmatch testing
Major Cross Match (PSDR)
Minor Cross Match (PRDS)
Detects antibodies in the serum of the donor
Minor crossmatch
Detects antibodies in the serum of the recipient
Major crossmatch
What are the other methods of cross matching
Saline cross match
High protein tube test
Ortho broad spectrum compatibility
Enzyme method of crossmatch
Same with saline tube test, with the addition of _______ which will detect many of the RH - Hr antibodies
(2 Answers)
High Protein Tube Test
22% Bovine Albumin
Enzymes employed including bromelain, trypsin, papain, and ficin
Enzyme method of crossmatch
Give 3 phases of Ortho Broad Spectrum Compatibility
Protein/Room Temperature Phase
Thermo/Incubated phase
Anti globulin/Coomb’s Phase
ORTHO BROAD SPECTRUM COMPATIBILITY TEST
Detect the 3 major types of antibodies including
Saline
Albumin
Antihuman globulin
What phase detects antibodies that react optimally at 37 deg C
Thermo Phase
Suspended in saline to detect saline agglutinins (_____ antibodies)
Saline cross match
IgM
______ ensures that only ABO compatible whole blood or red cells are selected for transfusion.
Computer system
ADVANTAGES of computer crossmatch
Decrease workload
Reduced sample volume for testing
Reduced exposure of personnel to blood samples
Better use of blood inventory
SELECTION OF ABO DONOR UNITS
If the component for transfusion contains ___ mL or more of _____, the donor’s ____ must be _____ with the recipient’s ______
2 mL
Red cell
Red cell
ABO Compatible
Plasma
In the transfusion of plasma products, the ABO antibodies in the transfused plasma should be compatible with the recipient’s _____
Red cell
D positive blood components should be selected for ____ recipients
D positive
If the recipient has a clinically unexpected antibody, the recipient should receive _____ blood
Antigen negative
D negative recipient’s should receive ____ that are _____ to avoid immunization to the D antigen, especially women of childbearing age.
RBCs
D Negative
______ and ______ propose a policy for the selection of suitable donor units for recipients with blood group antibodies using information about the antibody’s history of clinical significance and availability of compatible blood
Poole and Daniels
Transfusion of donor units that are crossmatch compatible with anti M and anti N is a generally accepted practice, provided that the antibodies are not reactive at what temperature?
37 Deg C
In emergency situations, _____ are issued uncross matched inf the patient’s ABO group is unknown.
Group O RBCs
After the specimen is in the blood bank, the most important test to complete is ____ and _____
ABO and D phenotyping
If _______ are in short supply. they should be reserved preferentially for emergency release to women younger than or of childbearing age.
Group O D negative RBCs
May be substituted for emergency release to men and to women older than childbearing age
Group O, D positive RBCs
Defined as a total volume exchange of blood t hrough transfusion within a 24 hour period, wether in an infant or in an adult patient
Massive Transfusion
Blood donated by the prospective recipient for later use
Autologous blood
Infants younger than _____ old are unable to produce their own antibodies
4 months
At ___ - ____ old of age, infant begin producing their own ABO antibodies and become capable of producing antibodies.
4-6 months
Contains almost no red cells and do not need to be crossmatched
Plasma
Platelet concentrates
Cryoprecipitate
Blood component prepared from whole blood that contains only the plasma portion of whole blood and is frozen after separation
Plasma
Platelets obtained from a whole blood donation contain a minimum of ________ platelets
5.5x1010
Blood component recovered from a controlled thaw of fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
In cryoprecipitate, the cold insoluble precipitate is rich in coagulation factor ____, _____, ____, and ______
VIII
von Willebrand’s factor
XIII
Fibrinogen
Apheresis procedure in which the platelets are removed from adonor, and remaining red cells and plasma are returned,
Apheresis Platelets
Granulocyte Concentrates: Contains a minimum of _____ granulocytes.
1.0x101 granulocytes
