Compass work

Question 1

Define Variation

Answer 1

The angular difference between True North and the Earth’s Magnetic
North. Variation is named East or West of True North

Question 2

Define Deviation

Answer 2

• The angular difference between Magnetic North and Compass North.
• Deviation is named East or West of Magnetic North

Question 3

What corrects for the ship’s hard iron component of error?

Answer 3

• Fore & Aft and Athwartships permanent magnets
• Vertical (Heeling) magnet

Question 4

List the correctors which correct for the ship’s soft iron component of error

Answer 4

• Kelvin spheres
• Flinders Bar
• Vertical (Heeling) magnet

Question 5

In addition to soft iron and hard iron, what else can affect the magnetic compass needle onboard?

Answer 5

Siting of electrical equipment too close to the binnacle

Question 6

What does a compass adjuster do?

Answer 6

He/she corrects the magnetic compass by -

• swinging the ship and making observations
• adjusting correctors.
• producing a Deviation card.

Question 7

What is the residual error after the compass has been ‘swung’ and what is it made up of?

Answer 7

Compass Error - Made up of Variation and deviation.

Question 8

List the steps in finding the error of the compass

Answer 8

• Take a Compass bearing of something (transit).
• Calculate or find the True bearing.
• Find the difference between the two, this is the error of the compass.
• Label it East if lower than the True bearing or West if more.

Question 9

List the further steps necessary to check the deviation card is correct for the ship’s head

Answer 9

• Take a Compass bearing of something.
• Calculate or find the True bearing.
• Find the difference between the two, this is the error of the compass.
• Label it East if lower than the True bearing or West if more.

Question 10

List the further steps necessary to check the deviation card is correct for the ship’s head

Answer 10

• At the same time as making the observation note the ship’s head.
• From the chart calculate the Variation.
• Remove this from the Compass Error to find the observed Deviation.
• Compare this with the Deviation for the ship’s head on the Deviation Card

Question 11

Summarize how a free gyroscope is made into a gyrocompass

Answer 11

• It is gravity controlled to make it North seeking,
• Then damped to settle on the meridian

Question 12

Why does Gyro need a GPS input

Answer 12

Lattitude and speed error

Question 13

Induced magnetism

Answer 13

The build up of magnetism on the vessel over a long period of time

Question 14

list 5 circumstances when the compass should be checked and adjusted

Answer 14

• at the build
• refit period
• every 2 years
• after a geographical change of course
• damage survery

Question 15

what is induced deviation

Answer 15

build of magnetism on the vesel over a long period of time

Question 16

how does a GPS compass work?

Answer 16

2 antennas compare angular difference to give a true heading