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Psychology p2 > Comparisons of approaches > Flashcards

Comparisons of approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the similarities between the biological and behaviourist approaches

A

Both are:
Deterministic:
- bio = genes
- behaviourist = operant and classical conditioning

Scientific:
Both study observable behaviour
Both use lab experiments:
- bio = twin studies
- behaviourist = little albert

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2
Q

What are the differences between the biological and behaviourist approaches

A

Bio = behaviour comes from nature - genes
Behaviourist = behaviour comes from nurture - environment, conditioning

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3
Q

What are the similarities between the biological approach and SLT approach

A

Both are nomothetic

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4
Q

What are the differences between the biological approach and SLT approach

A

They differ in:
where behaviour comes from:
- Bio = nature i.e. genes
- SLT = nurture i.e. role models

the role of others:
- bio = others dont have a role in behaviour
- SLT = behaviour is affected by others

Amount of research:
- bio = lots of research
- SLT = relatively little

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5
Q

What are the similarities between the biological and cognitive approaches

A

Both are:
Scientific - using lab experiments

Nomothetic:
- bio = genes
- cog. = multi-store model

can be applied to real life and is, for treatments

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6
Q

What are the differences between the biological and cognitive approaches

A

Biological approach doesnt consider internal mental processes whereas for cognitive approaches it is a main feature.

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7
Q

What are the similarities between the biological and psychodynamic approaches

A

Both are:
Deterministic
Nomothetic

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8
Q

What are the differences between the biological and psychodynamic approaches

A

They differ in that the biological approach is scientific whereas the psychodynamic approach is non-scientific

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9
Q

What are the similarities between the biological and humanistic approaches

A

They are both applied to real life in the form of treatments:
- bio = medication/ drugs
- human = CCT

CCT = client centred therapy

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10
Q

What are the differences between the biological and humanistic approaches

A

They differ in that:
- Bio = determanistic and nomothetic
- Human = free will and ideographic

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11
Q

What are the similarities between the behaviourist approach and SLT approach

A

They both:
- View nurture as the reason for behaviour
- emphasis the role of reinforcement
- Are nomothetic
- are scientific in their research

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12
Q

What are the differences between the behaviourist approach and SLT approach

A

They differ in that:
- The behaviourist approach uses animal research and SLT doesnt.
- Behaviourist approach ignores internal mental process while SLT acknowledges them (but doesnt focus)
- Behaviourist approach is deterministic
- SLT acknowledges free will

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13
Q

What are the similarities between the behaviourist and cognitive approaches

A

Both are:
- Scientific - using lab experiments
- Nomothetic
- Both are used in successful treatments

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14
Q

What are the differences between the behaviourist and cognitive approaches

A

They differ in that the behaviourist approach ignores internal mental processes whereas the cognitive approach focuses on it

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15
Q

What are the similarities between the behaviourist and psychodynamic approaches

A

Both have:
- practical applications
- deterministic
- place importance on the roles of others

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16
Q

What are the differences between the behaviourist and psychodynamic approaches

A

They differ in:
Use of animals:
- behav. = use animals
- psycho = doesnt

Scientific:
- Psychodynamic uses subjective measures so is non-scientific
- Behav. = lab experiments, scientific

cognitive processes:
- behav. = studies observable behaviour
- psycho = studied cognitive processes

17
Q

What are the similarities between the behaviourist and humanistic approaches

A

both:
- focus on the cognitive experience
- take a holistic approach

18
Q

What are the differences between the behaviourist and humanistic approaches

A

They differ in:
Amount of research:
- behav. = lots
- human = none

behaviourist = nomothetic and determanistic
humanistic = idiographic and free will

19
Q

what are the similarities between SLT and the cognitive approaches

A

Both:
- acknowledge internal mental processes
- are scientific
- have everyday application
- Nomothetic

20
Q

what are the differences between SLT and the cognitive approaches

A
  • cog. ignores the role of others whilst SLT focuses on it.
  • Cognitive is deterministic, SLT recognises free will
  • Cog. lots of research whilst SLT has little.
21
Q

what are the similarities between SLT and the psychodynamic approaches

A

Both:
- are Nomothetic
- neither look at animals
- look at the role of others
- study unobservable behaviours - SLT = internal mental processes, psycho = the unconscious
- emphasis the importance of childhood experience

22
Q

what are the differences between SLT and the psychodynamic approaches

A

They differ in that:
- SLT = free will, psycho = determanistic
- SLT = behaviour is learnt, psycho = behaviour is driven by the unconcious
- SLT uses scientific method whereas psycho uses case studies.

23
Q

what are the similarities between SLT and the humanistic approaches

A
  • Neither use animals
  • both have practical applications - SLT = IRL, human = CCT
  • both emphasis the role of others
  • both acknowledge free will
  • believe behaviour is caused by nurture
24
Q

what are the differences between SLT and the humanistic approaches

A
  • SLT has some research whereas humanistic has none
  • SLT considers the past whereas humanistic looks at the present
25
Q

What are the similarities between the cognitive and psychodynamic approaches

A

Both:
Focus on unobservable behaviour
- cog. = internal mental processes
- psycho = unconscious

are nomothetic

26
Q

What are the differences between the cognitive and psychodynamic approaches

A

They differ in:
role of others:
- cog. = ignores the role of others
- psycho = emphasises the importance of the role of others

research:
- cog = has lots of empirical support
- psycho = uses case studies

27
Q

What are the similarities between the cognitive and humanistic approaches

A

Both have practical applications and have been successful in treatments
- cog. = CBT
- human = CCT

28
Q

What are the differences between the cognitive and humanistic approaches

A
  • Cog = nomothetic, human = idiographic
  • Cog = lots of empirical support, human = has no research
29
Q

What are the similarities between the psychodynamic and humanistic approaches

A

Both lack scientific research:
- psycho = case studies
- human = little to no research

Neither use animals and both have little research

Both are idiographic

Both use stages:
- psycho = psychosexual stages
- human = mazlow’s hierarchy

30
Q

What are the differences between the psychodynamic and humanistic approaches

A
  • Psycho = deterministic, human = free will
  • psycho = nomothetic, human = idiographic
  • psycho explores the role of the unconscious and human explores the conscious

Psychology p2 (20 decks)

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