Comparisons of approaches Flashcards
What are the similarities between the biological and behaviourist approaches
Both are:
Deterministic:
- bio = genes
- behaviourist = operant and classical conditioning
Scientific:
Both study observable behaviour
Both use lab experiments:
- bio = twin studies
- behaviourist = little albert
What are the differences between the biological and behaviourist approaches
Bio = behaviour comes from nature - genes
Behaviourist = behaviour comes from nurture - environment, conditioning
What are the similarities between the biological approach and SLT approach
Both are nomothetic
What are the differences between the biological approach and SLT approach
They differ in:
where behaviour comes from:
- Bio = nature i.e. genes
- SLT = nurture i.e. role models
the role of others:
- bio = others dont have a role in behaviour
- SLT = behaviour is affected by others
Amount of research:
- bio = lots of research
- SLT = relatively little
What are the similarities between the biological and cognitive approaches
Both are:
Scientific - using lab experiments
Nomothetic:
- bio = genes
- cog. = multi-store model
can be applied to real life and is, for treatments
What are the differences between the biological and cognitive approaches
Biological approach doesnt consider internal mental processes whereas for cognitive approaches it is a main feature.
What are the similarities between the biological and psychodynamic approaches
Both are:
Deterministic
Nomothetic
What are the differences between the biological and psychodynamic approaches
They differ in that the biological approach is scientific whereas the psychodynamic approach is non-scientific
What are the similarities between the biological and humanistic approaches
They are both applied to real life in the form of treatments:
- bio = medication/ drugs
- human = CCT
CCT = client centred therapy
What are the differences between the biological and humanistic approaches
They differ in that:
- Bio = determanistic and nomothetic
- Human = free will and ideographic
What are the similarities between the behaviourist approach and SLT approach
They both:
- View nurture as the reason for behaviour
- emphasis the role of reinforcement
- Are nomothetic
- are scientific in their research
What are the differences between the behaviourist approach and SLT approach
They differ in that:
- The behaviourist approach uses animal research and SLT doesnt.
- Behaviourist approach ignores internal mental process while SLT acknowledges them (but doesnt focus)
- Behaviourist approach is deterministic
- SLT acknowledges free will
What are the similarities between the behaviourist and cognitive approaches
Both are:
- Scientific - using lab experiments
- Nomothetic
- Both are used in successful treatments
What are the differences between the behaviourist and cognitive approaches
They differ in that the behaviourist approach ignores internal mental processes whereas the cognitive approach focuses on it
What are the similarities between the behaviourist and psychodynamic approaches
Both have:
- practical applications
- deterministic
- place importance on the roles of others
What are the differences between the behaviourist and psychodynamic approaches
They differ in:
Use of animals:
- behav. = use animals
- psycho = doesnt
Scientific:
- Psychodynamic uses subjective measures so is non-scientific
- Behav. = lab experiments, scientific
cognitive processes:
- behav. = studies observable behaviour
- psycho = studied cognitive processes
What are the similarities between the behaviourist and humanistic approaches
both:
- focus on the cognitive experience
- take a holistic approach
What are the differences between the behaviourist and humanistic approaches
They differ in:
Amount of research:
- behav. = lots
- human = none
behaviourist = nomothetic and determanistic
humanistic = idiographic and free will
what are the similarities between SLT and the cognitive approaches
Both:
- acknowledge internal mental processes
- are scientific
- have everyday application
- Nomothetic
what are the differences between SLT and the cognitive approaches
- cog. ignores the role of others whilst SLT focuses on it.
- Cognitive is deterministic, SLT recognises free will
- Cog. lots of research whilst SLT has little.
what are the similarities between SLT and the psychodynamic approaches
Both:
- are Nomothetic
- neither look at animals
- look at the role of others
- study unobservable behaviours - SLT = internal mental processes, psycho = the unconscious
- emphasis the importance of childhood experience
what are the differences between SLT and the psychodynamic approaches
They differ in that:
- SLT = free will, psycho = determanistic
- SLT = behaviour is learnt, psycho = behaviour is driven by the unconcious
- SLT uses scientific method whereas psycho uses case studies.
what are the similarities between SLT and the humanistic approaches
- Neither use animals
- both have practical applications - SLT = IRL, human = CCT
- both emphasis the role of others
- both acknowledge free will
- believe behaviour is caused by nurture
what are the differences between SLT and the humanistic approaches
- SLT has some research whereas humanistic has none
- SLT considers the past whereas humanistic looks at the present
What are the similarities between the cognitive and psychodynamic approaches
Both:
Focus on unobservable behaviour
- cog. = internal mental processes
- psycho = unconscious
are nomothetic
What are the differences between the cognitive and psychodynamic approaches
They differ in:
role of others:
- cog. = ignores the role of others
- psycho = emphasises the importance of the role of others
research:
- cog = has lots of empirical support
- psycho = uses case studies
What are the similarities between the cognitive and humanistic approaches
Both have practical applications and have been successful in treatments
- cog. = CBT
- human = CCT
What are the differences between the cognitive and humanistic approaches
- Cog = nomothetic, human = idiographic
- Cog = lots of empirical support, human = has no research
What are the similarities between the psychodynamic and humanistic approaches
Both lack scientific research:
- psycho = case studies
- human = little to no research
Neither use animals and both have little research
Both are idiographic
Both use stages:
- psycho = psychosexual stages
- human = mazlow’s hierarchy
What are the differences between the psychodynamic and humanistic approaches
- Psycho = deterministic, human = free will
- psycho = nomothetic, human = idiographic
- psycho explores the role of the unconscious and human explores the conscious
