Comparison of Fungal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Histoplasmosis: source

A

Nitrogenous soil-Bird/bat

pewp

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2
Q

Coccidiodomycosis: Geography

A

American southwest

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3
Q

Coccidiodomycosis: Yeast or Mold dimorphic

A

Dimorphic- Not temp. dependent

Host - Spherules and endospores

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4
Q

Candidiadsis (opportunistic: yeast or Mold dimorphic

A

Dimorphic Exception - yeast in environment- hyphal form in vivo tissues

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5
Q

Cyrptococcosis (opportunistic): Yeast or Mold Dimorphic

A

Environment: yeast- Polysaccharide capsule in host (anti-phagocytic)

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6
Q

Cyrptococcosis: Organ system involved

A

Asymptomatic in lungs, meningitis severe

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7
Q

Apergillosis (opportunistic): Yeast or Mold Dimorphic

A

Filamentous fungi- mold conidia are inhaled and germinate into hyphae
Angioinvasive Fungus- Hyphae invade blood vessels

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8
Q

Apergillosis Diagnosis

A

Grows on agar but contamination is common- tissue biopsy can confirm tissue invasion

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9
Q

Dermatophytosis (opportunistic): Organ system involved?

A

Restricted to Kertinized tissues (skin, hair, and nails)

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10
Q

Dermatophytosis: Yeast & Mold Dimorphic

A

Mold exclusively

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11
Q

Sporotrichosis (Subcutanous) also known as?

A

Rose Pickers Disease

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12
Q

Sporotrichosis Source?

A

Soil, moss, ROSE THORNS, decaying wood etc

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13
Q

Fungi Cause disease by inducing an _____ or through _____ or destruction of tissues (some produce _____)

A

fungi
inflammatory response
direct invasion
toxins

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14
Q

All systemic infections of ______ are life-threating and require therapy

A

candida

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15
Q

Treatment for fungal infection:

A

Polyenes: Amphotericin B
Azoles: Itraconazole

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16
Q

Candidiasis: Opportunistic or no?
Fungal culprit:
Source:

A

Yes.
Candida (albicans, glabrata, parapsilosis)
Normal flora - yeast

17
Q

Cryptococcosis
Opportunistic or no?
Fungal culprit:
Source:

A

Yes
Cryptococcus (neoformans, gattii)
encapsulated environmental yeast

18
Q

Aspergillosis
Opportunistic or no?
Fungal culprit:
Source:

A

Yes
Aspergillus (fumigatus, flavus)
Common environmental mold

19
Q

Fungal defense Mechanism:

_________ and killing by ____ is primary mechanisms for containing fungal infections

A

Phagocytosis and killing by Neutrophils

20
Q

fungal cell walls are made up of ? Fungal cell membranes ?

A

chitin & ergestrerol

21
Q

yeast is _____ and reproduces by _____. and a mold is _____ and forms _____.

A

unicellular and reproduces by budding

Multicellular and forms spores

22
Q

3 examples of Endemic fungal diseases.

A

Histoplasmosis, Blasomycosis, and coccidiodomycosis

23
Q

Azoles (Itraconazole), targets ______, and Polyenes (Amphotericin B), which bind to ____ forming _____.

A

ergosterol synthesis
cell wall ergosterol
channels

24
Q

Endemic fungi infect ____where as Opportunistic infect _____.

A

can infect healthy individuals where as opportunistic infections are seen on immunosuppressed patients due to: Hematologicla malignancies, organ or hematopoietic transplants, neutropenial, HIV infection and taking immunosuppressive drugs