Comparison of Fungal Diseases Flashcards
Histoplasmosis: source
Nitrogenous soil-Bird/bat
pewp
Coccidiodomycosis: Geography
American southwest
Coccidiodomycosis: Yeast or Mold dimorphic
Dimorphic- Not temp. dependent
Host - Spherules and endospores
Candidiadsis (opportunistic: yeast or Mold dimorphic
Dimorphic Exception - yeast in environment- hyphal form in vivo tissues
Cyrptococcosis (opportunistic): Yeast or Mold Dimorphic
Environment: yeast- Polysaccharide capsule in host (anti-phagocytic)
Cyrptococcosis: Organ system involved
Asymptomatic in lungs, meningitis severe
Apergillosis (opportunistic): Yeast or Mold Dimorphic
Filamentous fungi- mold conidia are inhaled and germinate into hyphae
Angioinvasive Fungus- Hyphae invade blood vessels
Apergillosis Diagnosis
Grows on agar but contamination is common- tissue biopsy can confirm tissue invasion
Dermatophytosis (opportunistic): Organ system involved?
Restricted to Kertinized tissues (skin, hair, and nails)
Dermatophytosis: Yeast & Mold Dimorphic
Mold exclusively
Sporotrichosis (Subcutanous) also known as?
Rose Pickers Disease
Sporotrichosis Source?
Soil, moss, ROSE THORNS, decaying wood etc
Fungi Cause disease by inducing an _____ or through _____ or destruction of tissues (some produce _____)
fungi
inflammatory response
direct invasion
toxins
All systemic infections of ______ are life-threating and require therapy
candida
Treatment for fungal infection:
Polyenes: Amphotericin B
Azoles: Itraconazole
Candidiasis: Opportunistic or no?
Fungal culprit:
Source:
Yes.
Candida (albicans, glabrata, parapsilosis)
Normal flora - yeast
Cryptococcosis
Opportunistic or no?
Fungal culprit:
Source:
Yes
Cryptococcus (neoformans, gattii)
encapsulated environmental yeast
Aspergillosis
Opportunistic or no?
Fungal culprit:
Source:
Yes
Aspergillus (fumigatus, flavus)
Common environmental mold
Fungal defense Mechanism:
_________ and killing by ____ is primary mechanisms for containing fungal infections
Phagocytosis and killing by Neutrophils
fungal cell walls are made up of ? Fungal cell membranes ?
chitin & ergestrerol
yeast is _____ and reproduces by _____. and a mold is _____ and forms _____.
unicellular and reproduces by budding
Multicellular and forms spores
3 examples of Endemic fungal diseases.
Histoplasmosis, Blasomycosis, and coccidiodomycosis
Azoles (Itraconazole), targets ______, and Polyenes (Amphotericin B), which bind to ____ forming _____.
ergosterol synthesis
cell wall ergosterol
channels
Endemic fungi infect ____where as Opportunistic infect _____.
can infect healthy individuals where as opportunistic infections are seen on immunosuppressed patients due to: Hematologicla malignancies, organ or hematopoietic transplants, neutropenial, HIV infection and taking immunosuppressive drugs
