comparison of approaches Flashcards
which presents the most coherent theory of child development
psycodynamic as its concepts and processes are specific psycosexual stages which are determined by age. however, Freud saw very little further development once a child enters the genital stage in their teen years
how has cognitive approach contributed to understanding of child development
as part of intellectual development, children form an increasingly complex schema as they get older
how does biological approach show child development
maturation is an important principle in the biological approach as genetically determined changes in a child’s physiological status influence psychological and behavioural characteristics
how does humanist approach view child development
development of the self as ongoing throughout life. however, childhood is a particularly important period and child’s relationship with their parents is important in terms of unconditional positive regard
how do behaviourist approach and social learning theory view child development
do not offer coherent stage theories of development but instead see the processes that underpin learning as continuous, occuring at any age
how do biological and behaviourist approaches contrast in terms of the nature nurture debate
-biological approach and learning approaches are far apart in terms of nature and nurture
-behaviourists categorised that brain as a blank slate at birth and suggest all behaviour comes about through learned associations, reinforcement contingencies or, in some case of social learning theory, observation and imitation
-in contrast, biological approach argues from a position that behaviour is the result of genetic blueprint that we inherit from our parents (genotype) but the way we expresses it (phenotype) is influenced by our environment
how did psychodynamic approach view that nature, nurture debate
Freud thought that much of behaviour was driven by biological drives and instincts, but also he saw relationships with parents as playing a fundamental role in future development
humanistic approach of nature nurture debate
regarded parents, friends and wider society as having critical impact on the person’s self-concept
cognitive approach view on nature nurture debate
recognise many of our information processing abilities and scheme are innate, they constantly refined through experience
how is behaviourist approach reductionist
sense that it breaks up complex behaviour into stimulus-response units for ease in testing in the lab
biological approach view on reductionism
reductionist in the way that it explains human behaviour and psychological states at the level of the gene or the neuron
psychodynamic approach view on reductionism
reduces much of our behaviour to influence of sexual desires and biological instincts, although Freud’s argument that personality is often viewed as a more holistic explanation
cognitive approach view on reductionism
machine reductionism as presents people as information processing systems and ignores influence of emotions on behaviour
social learning theory view on reductionism
like behaviourists, reduce complex learning to a handful of key processes (imitation, modelling etc) though they do not at least place emphasis on cognitive factors that medicate learning, and how these interictal with external influences
humanist view on reductionism
formulates a holistic approach to understanding human behaviour. this involves investigating all aspects of the individual, including the effects of interaction with others and wider society
