Comparison of approaches

Question 1

What is the behaviourist view on development?

Answer 1

No coherent stages- people learn throughout life

Question 2

What is the SLT view on development?

Answer 2

NO coherent stages- people learn continuously throughout life

Question 3

What is the cognitive view on development?

Answer 3

Schema develops with age

Question 4

What is the biological view on development?

Answer 4

Maturation- genetic changes in child’s physiological status influence psychological and behavioural status

Question 5

What is the psychodynamic view on development?

Answer 5

Most coherent- psychosexual stages of development

Question 6

What is the humanistic view on development?

Answer 6

Development is continuous- particularly important in younger years (unconditional positive regard)

Question 7

What is the behaviourist view on nature vs nurture?

Answer 7

Nurture- born as ‘blank slates’- written on by experience and environment

Question 8

What is the SLT view on nature vs nurture?

Answer 8

Nurture- behaviour learnt through observation of role model (mediational processes)

Question 9

What is the cognitive view on nature vs nurture?

Answer 9

Nature and Nurture- info processing abilities are innate, but schemas are constantly being refined

Question 10

What is the biological view on nature vs nurture?

Answer 10

Nature- behaviour is a result of a genetic blueprint, but acknowledge nurture

Question 11

What is the psychodynamic view on nature vs nurture?

Answer 11

Nature and Nurture- behaviour driven by innate desires and instincts, but parents have an influence on child’s behaviour

Question 12

What is the humanistic view on nature vs nurture?

Answer 12

Nature and Nurture- environment and people influence the self concept, but innate desire to be ideal self

Question 13

What is the behaviourist view on reductionism vs holism?

Answer 13

Environmental reductionism- behaviour broken up into stimulus and response units for testing

Question 14

What is the SLT view on reductionism vs holism?

Answer 14

Reductionist- mediational processes

Question 15

What is the cognitive view on reductionism vs holism?

Answer 15

Reductionist- machine reductionism, ignores human emotion

Question 16

What is the biological view on reductionism vs holism?

Answer 16

Genetic reductionism- explains behaviour at level of genes and neurons

Question 17

What is the psychodynamic view on reductionism vs holism?

Answer 17

Reductionist and holistic- Freud claimed to be holistic: asked people about their history, but approach is mainly reductionist: id, ego, superego, and psychosexual stages

Question 18

What is the humanistic view on reductionism vs holism?

Answer 18

Holistic- investigates all aspects of an individual

Question 19

What is the behaviourist view on determinism vs free will?

Answer 19

Hard/environmental determinism- all behaviour determined by external forces, behaviour is the result of conditioning

Question 20

What is the SLT view on determinism vs free will?

Answer 20

Soft/reciprocal determinism- behaviour is inflfunced by environment, but we exert some influence upon it through free will

Question 21

What is the cognitive view on determinism vs free will?

Answer 21

Soft determinism- we are ‘choosers’ of our behaviour, but these can only operate within the limits of what we already know/ have experienced

Question 22

What is the biological view on determinism vs free will?

Answer 22

Hard determinism- environment influences biological structures, behaviour directed by innate desires

Question 23

What is the psychodynamic view on determinism vs free will?

Answer 23

Hard determinism- unconscious forces drive behaviour, free will is an illusion

Question 24

What is the humanistic view on determinism vs free will?

Answer 24

Free will- we are active agents who chose our own destiny