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Psychology- Approaches > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Communication hub of the body- sends signals between neurons

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2
Q

What is the structure of the nervous system?

A

Made up of: CNS and PNS

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3
Q

What is the function of the central nervous system?

A

Origin of all complex commands and decisions- receives, processes, and responds to sensory information

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4
Q

What is the structure of the CNS?

A

Made up of: brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Transmits messages, via neurons, to and from the CNS

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6
Q

What is the structure of the PNS?

A

Made up of: SNS and ANS (parasympathetic and sympathetic systems)

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7
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

Instructs glands to release hormones towards target organs

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8
Q

What is the structure of the endocrine system?

A

Made up of: glands (e.g. thyroid, pituitary)

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9
Q

What is the function of the ANS?

A

Transmits info to and from internal organs- does so involuntarily and has 2 divisions

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10
Q

What is the function of the SNS?

A

Transmits info from the receptor cells to the CNS, and receives info from the CNS to muscles to cause action

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11
Q

What is the sympathetic state?

A

A state of fight or flight

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12
Q

What is the parasympathetic state?

A

A state of rest and digestion

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13
Q

What happens in the sympathetic state?

A
  • Increases heart rate
  • Increases breathing rate
  • Dilates pupils
  • Inhibits digestion
  • Inhibits saliva production
  • Contracts rectum
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14
Q

What happens in the parasympathetic state?

A
  • Decreases heart rate
  • Decreases breathing rate
  • Constricts pupils
  • Stimulates digestion
  • Stimulates saliva production
  • Relaxes rectum
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15
Q

What are glands?

A

Organs in the body that synthesise substances such as hormones

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16
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical substances that circulate in the bloodstream and only affect target organs

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17
Q

What are neurons?

A

Nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals

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18
Q

What is the role of sensory neurons?

A

Carry messages from PNS to CNS

19
Q

What is the role of relay neurons?

A

Connect sensory neurons to motor and other relay neurons

20
Q

What is the role of motor neurons?

A

Connect CNS to effectors (e.g. muscles and glands)

21
Q

What is the order of neurons?

A

Sensory > Relay > Motor

22
Q

What is the structure of sensory neurons?

A

Long dendrites
Short axons

23
Q

What is the structure of relay neurons?

A

Short dendrites
Short axons

24
Q

What is the structure of motor neurons?

A

Short dendrites
Long axons

25
Q

Where are sensory neurons located?

A

Fully PNS

26
Q

Where are relay neurons located?

A

Fully CNS

27
Q

Where are motor neurons located?

A

PNS and CNS

28
Q

What is the function of the brain?

A

The centre of all conscious awareness

29
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord?

A

Passes messages to and from the brain, and connects nerves to the PNS

30
Q

What does adrenaline trigger?

A

Physiological changes in the body, during a time of fight or flight

31
Q

Which neuron does not have a myelin sheath?

A

Relay neurons

32
Q

What is the function of the nucleus (neurons)?

A

Contains genetic material of the cell

33
Q

What is the function of dendrites (neurons)?

A

Carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons towards cell body

34
Q

What is the function of the axon (neurons)?

A

Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body, down the length of the neuron

35
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath (neurons)?

A

Protects the axon and speeds up electrical transmission of the impulse

36
Q

What is the function of nodes of ranvier (neurons)?

A

Speed up transmission of the impulse, by forcing it to jump across the gaps along the axon

37
Q

What is the function of terminal buttons (neurons)?

A

Communicate with the next neuron in the chain, across a synapse

38
Q

How are signals WITHIN neurons transmitted?

A

Electrically

39
Q

How are signals BETWEEN neurons transmitted?

A

Chemically

40
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Brain chemicals that relay signals across the synapse from one neuron to another

41
Q

What is excitation?

A

When a neurotransmitter increases the positive charge of the postsynaptic neuron, it increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will pass on the electrical impulse

42
Q

What is inhibition?

A

When a neurotransmitter increases the negative charge of the postsynaptic neuron, it decreases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will pass on the electrical impulse

43
Q

What is summation?

A

The process that determines whether or not action potential will be generated by the combined effects of inhibitory and excitatory signals

Psychology- Approaches (9 decks)

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