Behaviourist Approach Flashcards
Approaches to psychology
What is the behaviourist approach?
A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning
When did behaviourism begin?
20th century
How do behaviourists describe a baby’s mind?
Blank slate (Watson), written on by experience
What are the two forms of learning?
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
Who researched classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
Who researched operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through association
What did Pavlov’s research show?
Dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell
What is the formula for classical conditioning?
ns
ucs=ucr
ns+ucs=ucr
cs=cr
What is the formula for classical conditioning for Pavlov’s study?
ns (bell)= no response
ucs (food)= ucr (salivation)
ns (bell) + ucs (food) = ucr (salivation)
cs (bell) = cr (salivation)
What is operant conditioning?
Behaviour is shaped by its consequences
What is positive reinforcement?
A reward for good behaviour
What is negative reinforcement?
Avoiding something unpleasant due to good behaviour
What is punishment?
An unpleasant consequence of bad behaviour
What did Skinner’s research show?
Rats and pigeons can be conditioned to perform the same behaviour to avoid an unpleasant stimulus